如何使用 Altair 在分组条形图上添加第二个 Y 轴？并使用数据中一列的值对条形图进行排序

Question

我正在尝试向分组图表添加第 3 轴或第 2 Y 轴。我不确定这是否可能。理想情况下，我想 - 1) 在此图表中添加一条线，代表给定年份和犯罪类型的 "percentage of Arrest"。 2) 使用数据中 "rank" 列的值对每组的条形进行排序。

这是我的代码和当前的可视化效果。非常感谢您的宝贵反馈。谢谢。

import altair as alt

base = alt.Chart().encode(
    x=alt.X('primary_type',scale=alt.Scale(rangeStep=12),title=None,sort=alt.EncodingSortField(op='sum', field='rank')),
    color=alt.Color('primary_type:N')
    )

bar = base.mark_bar().encode(
alt.Y('sum(Number_of_Incidents):Q',title='Total Number of Incidents')
)
line =  base.mark_line(color='red').encode(
alt.Y('percent_arrest',
    axis=alt.Axis(title=None))
)

combined = alt.layer(bar, line, data=q13a)

combined.facet(
column=alt.Column('year')
  ).resolve_scale(x='independent'
).configure_view(
stroke='transparent'
)

示例数据 -

<table class="table table-bordered table-hover table-condensed">
<thead><tr><th title="Field #1">year</th>
<th title="Field #2">primary_type</th>
<th title="Field #3">Number_of_Incidents</th>
<th title="Field #4">number_of_arrests</th>
<th title="Field #5">percent_arrest</th>
<th title="Field #6">rank</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="right">2018</td>
<td>THEFT</td>
<td align="right">57330</td>
<td align="right">5503</td>
<td align="right">9.6</td>
<td align="right">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2018</td>
<td>BATTERY</td>
<td align="right">44667</td>
<td align="right">8886</td>
<td align="right">19.89</td>
<td align="right">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2018</td>
<td>CRIMINAL DAMAGE</td>
<td align="right">24889</td>
<td align="right">1498</td>
<td align="right">6.02</td>
<td align="right">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2018</td>
<td>ASSAULT</td>
<td align="right">18229</td>
<td align="right">2931</td>
<td align="right">16.08</td>
<td align="right">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2018</td>
<td>DECEPTIVE PRACTICE</td>
<td align="right">15879</td>
<td align="right">713</td>
<td align="right">4.49</td>
<td align="right">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2017</td>
<td>THEFT</td>
<td align="right">64334</td>
<td align="right">6459</td>
<td align="right">10.04</td>
<td align="right">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2017</td>
<td>BATTERY</td>
<td align="right">49213</td>
<td align="right">10060</td>
<td align="right">20.44</td>
<td align="right">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2017</td>
<td>CRIMINAL DAMAGE</td>
<td align="right">29040</td>
<td align="right">1747</td>
<td align="right">6.02</td>
<td align="right">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2017</td>
<td>ASSAULT</td>
<td align="right">19298</td>
<td align="right">3455</td>
<td align="right">17.9</td>
<td align="right">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2017</td>
<td>DECEPTIVE PRACTICE</td>
<td align="right">18816</td>
<td align="right">805</td>
<td align="right">4.28</td>
<td align="right">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2016</td>
<td>THEFT</td>
<td align="right">61600</td>
<td align="right">6518</td>
<td align="right">10.58</td>
<td align="right">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2016</td>
<td>BATTERY</td>
<td align="right">50292</td>
<td align="right">10328</td>
<td align="right">20.54</td>
<td align="right">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2016</td>
<td>CRIMINAL DAMAGE</td>
<td align="right">31018</td>
<td align="right">1668</td>
<td align="right">5.38</td>
<td align="right">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2016</td>
<td>ASSAULT</td>
<td align="right">18738</td>
<td align="right">3490</td>
<td align="right">18.63</td>
<td align="right">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2016</td>
<td>DECEPTIVE PRACTICE</td>
<td align="right">18733</td>
<td align="right">815</td>
<td align="right">4.35</td>
<td align="right">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2015</td>
<td>THEFT</td>
<td align="right">57335</td>
<td align="right">6771</td>
<td align="right">11.81</td>
<td align="right">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2015</td>
<td>BATTERY</td>
<td align="right">48918</td>
<td align="right">11558</td>
<td align="right">23.63</td>
<td align="right">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2015</td>
<td>CRIMINAL DAMAGE</td>
<td align="right">28675</td>
<td align="right">1835</td>
<td align="right">6.4</td>
<td align="right">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2015</td>
<td>NARCOTICS</td>
<td align="right">23883</td>
<td align="right">23875</td>
<td align="right">99.97</td>
<td align="right">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2015</td>
<td>OTHER OFFENSE</td>
<td align="right">17552</td>
<td align="right">4795</td>
<td align="right">27.32</td>
<td align="right">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2014</td>
<td>THEFT</td>
<td align="right">61561</td>
<td align="right">7415</td>
<td align="right">12.04</td>
<td align="right">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2014</td>
<td>BATTERY</td>
<td align="right">49447</td>
<td align="right">12517</td>
<td align="right">25.31</td>
<td align="right">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2014</td>
<td>NARCOTICS</td>
<td align="right">29116</td>
<td align="right">29000</td>
<td align="right">99.6</td>
<td align="right">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2014</td>
<td>CRIMINAL DAMAGE</td>
<td align="right">27798</td>
<td align="right">2095</td>
<td align="right">7.54</td>
<td align="right">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2014</td>
<td>OTHER OFFENSE</td>
<td align="right">16979</td>
<td align="right">4159</td>
<td align="right">24.49</td>
<td align="right">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2013</td>
<td>THEFT</td>
<td align="right">71530</td>
<td align="right">7727</td>
<td align="right">10.8</td>
<td align="right">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2013</td>
<td>BATTERY</td>
<td align="right">54002</td>
<td align="right">12927</td>
<td align="right">23.94</td>
<td align="right">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2013</td>
<td>NARCOTICS</td>
<td align="right">34127</td>
<td align="right">33819</td>
<td align="right">99.1</td>
<td align="right">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2013</td>
<td>CRIMINAL DAMAGE</td>
<td align="right">30853</td>
<td align="right">2107</td>
<td align="right">6.83</td>
<td align="right">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2013</td>
<td>OTHER OFFENSE</td>
<td align="right">17993</td>
<td align="right">3400</td>
<td align="right">18.9</td>
<td align="right">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2012</td>
<td>THEFT</td>
<td align="right">75460</td>
<td align="right">8249</td>
<td align="right">10.93</td>
<td align="right">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2012</td>
<td>BATTERY</td>
<td align="right">59135</td>
<td align="right">13061</td>
<td align="right">22.09</td>
<td align="right">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2012</td>
<td>CRIMINAL DAMAGE</td>
<td align="right">35854</td>
<td align="right">2462</td>
<td align="right">6.87</td>
<td align="right">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2012</td>
<td>NARCOTICS</td>
<td align="right">35488</td>
<td align="right">35226</td>
<td align="right">99.26</td>
<td align="right">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2012</td>
<td>BURGLARY</td>
<td align="right">22843</td>
<td align="right">1285</td>
<td align="right">5.63</td>
<td align="right">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2011</td>
<td>THEFT</td>
<td align="right">75148</td>
<td align="right">8468</td>
<td align="right">11.27</td>
<td align="right">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2011</td>
<td>BATTERY</td>
<td align="right">60458</td>
<td align="right">14139</td>
<td align="right">23.39</td>
<td align="right">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2011</td>
<td>NARCOTICS</td>
<td align="right">38605</td>
<td align="right">38544</td>
<td align="right">99.84</td>
<td align="right">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2011</td>
<td>CRIMINAL DAMAGE</td>
<td align="right">37332</td>
<td align="right">2583</td>
<td align="right">6.92</td>
<td align="right">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2011</td>
<td>BURGLARY</td>
<td align="right">26619</td>
<td align="right">1272</td>
<td align="right">4.78</td>
<td align="right">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2010</td>
<td>THEFT</td>
<td align="right">76754</td>
<td align="right">7844</td>
<td align="right">10.22</td>
<td align="right">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2010</td>
<td>BATTERY</td>
<td align="right">65403</td>
<td align="right">14277</td>
<td align="right">21.83</td>
<td align="right">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2010</td>
<td>NARCOTICS</td>
<td align="right">43393</td>
<td align="right">43294</td>
<td align="right">99.77</td>
<td align="right">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2010</td>
<td>CRIMINAL DAMAGE</td>
<td align="right">40653</td>
<td align="right">2641</td>
<td align="right">6.5</td>
<td align="right">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2010</td>
<td>BURGLARY</td>
<td align="right">26422</td>
<td align="right">1382</td>
<td align="right">5.23</td>
<td align="right">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2009</td>
<td>THEFT</td>
<td align="right">80973</td>
<td align="right">9900</td>
<td align="right">12.23</td>
<td align="right">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2009</td>
<td>BATTERY</td>
<td align="right">68462</td>
<td align="right">16325</td>
<td align="right">23.85</td>
<td align="right">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2009</td>
<td>CRIMINAL DAMAGE</td>
<td align="right">47724</td>
<td align="right">3270</td>
<td align="right">6.85</td>
<td align="right">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2009</td>
<td>NARCOTICS</td>
<td align="right">43543</td>
<td align="right">43193</td>
<td align="right">99.2</td>
<td align="right">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2009</td>
<td>BURGLARY</td>
<td align="right">26766</td>
<td align="right">1412</td>
<td align="right">5.28</td>
<td align="right">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2008</td>
<td>THEFT</td>
<td align="right">88433</td>
<td align="right">9291</td>
<td align="right">10.51</td>
<td align="right">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2008</td>
<td>BATTERY</td>
<td align="right">75922</td>
<td align="right">15520</td>
<td align="right">20.44</td>
<td align="right">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2008</td>
<td>CRIMINAL DAMAGE</td>
<td align="right">52841</td>
<td align="right">3403</td>
<td align="right">6.44</td>
<td align="right">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2008</td>
<td>NARCOTICS</td>
<td align="right">46507</td>
<td align="right">45459</td>
<td align="right">97.75</td>
<td align="right">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2008</td>
<td>OTHER OFFENSE</td>
<td align="right">26533</td>
<td align="right">3496</td>
<td align="right">13.18</td>
<td align="right">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2007</td>
<td>THEFT</td>
<td align="right">85156</td>
<td align="right">9783</td>
<td align="right">11.49</td>
<td align="right">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2007</td>
<td>BATTERY</td>
<td align="right">79591</td>
<td align="right">19386</td>
<td align="right">24.36</td>
<td align="right">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2007</td>
<td>NARCOTICS</td>
<td align="right">54454</td>
<td align="right">53251</td>
<td align="right">97.79</td>
<td align="right">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2007</td>
<td>CRIMINAL DAMAGE</td>
<td align="right">53749</td>
<td align="right">3994</td>
<td align="right">7.43</td>
<td align="right">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2007</td>
<td>OTHER OFFENSE</td>
<td align="right">26863</td>
<td align="right">4230</td>
<td align="right">15.75</td>
<td align="right">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2006</td>
<td>THEFT</td>
<td align="right">86240</td>
<td align="right">10108</td>
<td align="right">11.72</td>
<td align="right">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2006</td>
<td>BATTERY</td>
<td align="right">80666</td>
<td align="right">18892</td>
<td align="right">23.42</td>
<td align="right">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2006</td>
<td>CRIMINAL DAMAGE</td>
<td align="right">57124</td>
<td align="right">4135</td>
<td align="right">7.24</td>
<td align="right">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2006</td>
<td>NARCOTICS</td>
<td align="right">55813</td>
<td align="right">55236</td>
<td align="right">98.97</td>
<td align="right">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2006</td>
<td>OTHER OFFENSE</td>
<td align="right">27100</td>
<td align="right">4010</td>
<td align="right">14.8</td>
<td align="right">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2005</td>
<td>THEFT</td>
<td align="right">85685</td>
<td align="right">11338</td>
<td align="right">13.23</td>
<td align="right">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2005</td>
<td>BATTERY</td>
<td align="right">83965</td>
<td align="right">19994</td>
<td align="right">23.81</td>
<td align="right">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2005</td>
<td>NARCOTICS</td>
<td align="right">56234</td>
<td align="right">56121</td>
<td align="right">99.8</td>
<td align="right">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2005</td>
<td>CRIMINAL DAMAGE</td>
<td align="right">54548</td>
<td align="right">4083</td>
<td align="right">7.49</td>
<td align="right">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2005</td>
<td>OTHER OFFENSE</td>
<td align="right">28028</td>
<td align="right">4726</td>
<td align="right">16.86</td>
<td align="right">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2004</td>
<td>THEFT</td>
<td align="right">95463</td>
<td align="right">12068</td>
<td align="right">12.64</td>
<td align="right">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2004</td>
<td>BATTERY</td>
<td align="right">87136</td>
<td align="right">20718</td>
<td align="right">23.78</td>
<td align="right">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2004</td>
<td>NARCOTICS</td>
<td align="right">57060</td>
<td align="right">57034</td>
<td align="right">99.95</td>
<td align="right">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2004</td>
<td>CRIMINAL DAMAGE</td>
<td align="right">53164</td>
<td align="right">3965</td>
<td align="right">7.46</td>
<td align="right">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2004</td>
<td>OTHER OFFENSE</td>
<td align="right">29532</td>
<td align="right">5386</td>
<td align="right">18.24</td>
<td align="right">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2003</td>
<td>THEFT</td>
<td align="right">98875</td>
<td align="right">12889</td>
<td align="right">13.04</td>
<td align="right">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2003</td>
<td>BATTERY</td>
<td align="right">88378</td>
<td align="right">20459</td>
<td align="right">23.15</td>
<td align="right">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2003</td>
<td>CRIMINAL DAMAGE</td>
<td align="right">55011</td>
<td align="right">4060</td>
<td align="right">7.38</td>
<td align="right">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2003</td>
<td>NARCOTICS</td>
<td align="right">54288</td>
<td align="right">54283</td>
<td align="right">99.99</td>
<td align="right">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2003</td>
<td>OTHER OFFENSE</td>
<td align="right">31147</td>
<td align="right">5856</td>
<td align="right">18.8</td>
<td align="right">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2002</td>
<td>THEFT</td>
<td align="right">98327</td>
<td align="right">13697</td>
<td align="right">13.93</td>
<td align="right">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2002</td>
<td>BATTERY</td>
<td align="right">94153</td>
<td align="right">21331</td>
<td align="right">22.66</td>
<td align="right">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2002</td>
<td>CRIMINAL DAMAGE</td>
<td align="right">55940</td>
<td align="right">4403</td>
<td align="right">7.87</td>
<td align="right">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2002</td>
<td>NARCOTICS</td>
<td align="right">51789</td>
<td align="right">51781</td>
<td align="right">99.98</td>
<td align="right">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2002</td>
<td>OTHER OFFENSE</td>
<td align="right">32599</td>
<td align="right">5701</td>
<td align="right">17.49</td>
<td align="right">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2001</td>
<td>THEFT</td>
<td align="right">99264</td>
<td align="right">15543</td>
<td align="right">15.66</td>
<td align="right">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2001</td>
<td>BATTERY</td>
<td align="right">93447</td>
<td align="right">20463</td>
<td align="right">21.9</td>
<td align="right">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2001</td>
<td>CRIMINAL DAMAGE</td>
<td align="right">55851</td>
<td align="right">4548</td>
<td align="right">8.14</td>
<td align="right">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2001</td>
<td>NARCOTICS</td>
<td align="right">50567</td>
<td align="right">50559</td>
<td align="right">99.98</td>
<td align="right">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">2001</td>
<td>ASSAULT</td>
<td align="right">31384</td>
<td align="right">7150</td>
<td align="right">22.78</td>
<td align="right">5</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>

Answer 1

问题是，据我所知，您不能在图表上画线。创建分组条形图时，您必须对一列数据进行分面。实际上，这会生成多个水平连接的图表。因此，对于每个图表，您只有一个点（对于每种颜色）。如果你想有一条跨年的线，你必须将你的 x 轴定义为年，而不是分面，并单独绘制。我会建议垂直串联，使线条位于条形下方。

请注意，我已经从您之前的问题 () 中提取了数据，因为您提供的方式不切实际，而我已经有了这个。

import altair as alt
import pandas as pd
from io import StringIO

q13a = pd.read_table(StringIO("""year   primary_type    Number_of_Incidents number_of_arrests   percent_arrest  rank
2018    THEFT   57330   5503    9.6     1
2018    BATTERY     44667   8886    19.89   2
2018    CRIMINAL DAMAGE     24889   1498    6.02    3
2018    ASSAULT     18229   2931    16.08   4
2018    DECEPTIVE PRACTICE  15879   713     4.49    5
2017    THEFT   64334   6459    10.04   1
2017    BATTERY     49213   10060   20.44   2
2017    CRIMINAL DAMAGE     29040   1747    6.02    3
2017    ASSAULT     19298   3455    17.9    4
2017    DECEPTIVE PRACTICE  18816   805     4.28    5
2016    THEFT   61600   6518    10.58   1
2016    BATTERY     50292   10328   20.54   2
2016    CRIMINAL DAMAGE     31018   1668    5.38    3
2016    ASSAULT     18738   3490    18.63   4
2016    DECEPTIVE PRACTICE  18733   815     4.35    5
2015    THEFT   57335   6771    11.81   1
2015    BATTERY     48918   11558   23.63   2
2015    CRIMINAL DAMAGE     28675   1835    6.4     3
2015    NARCOTICS   23883   23875   99.97   4
2015    OTHER OFFENSE   17552   4795    27.32   5
2014    THEFT   61561   7415    12.04   1
2014    BATTERY     49447   12517   25.31   2
2014    NARCOTICS   29116   29000   99.6    3
2014    CRIMINAL DAMAGE     27798   2095    7.54    4
2014    OTHER OFFENSE   16979   4159    24.49   5
2013    THEFT   71530   7727    10.8    1
2013    BATTERY     54002   12927   23.94   2
2013    NARCOTICS   34127   33819   99.1    3
2013    CRIMINAL DAMAGE     30853   2107    6.83    4
2013    OTHER OFFENSE   17993   3400    18.9    5"""))

bar = alt.Chart(height=200, width=100).mark_bar().encode(
    x=alt.X('primary_type:N',
            axis=None,
            title=None,
            sort=alt.EncodingSortField(op='sum', field='rank')),
    y=alt.Y('sum(Number_of_Incidents):Q',
          title='Total Number of Incidents'),
    color=alt.Color('primary_type:N')
).facet(
    column=alt.Column('year:O')
).resolve_scale(
    x='independent'
)

line = alt.Chart().mark_line(point=True, color='red').encode(
    x=alt.X('year:O', axis=alt.Axis(labelAngle=0)),
    y=alt.Y('percent_arrest:Q'),
    color=alt.Color('primary_type:N', legend=None)
).properties(height=80, width=680)

alt.vconcat(bar, line, data=q13a).configure_view(stroke='transparent')

^{由 reprexpy package}

于 2018-11-29 创建

如何使用 Altair 在分组条形图上添加第二个 Y 轴？并使用数据中一列的值对条形图进行排序

How to add a 2nd Y-axis on a grouped bar chart using Altair? and sort the bar using value of one of the column from the data

python

altair