在托管服务中访问上下文

access context in a hosted service

我需要从此 class 访问上下文,以便我可以检查数据库中的一些数据,但我不知道如何将其传输到以下服务:

internal class TimedHostedService : IHostedService, IDisposable
{
    private readonly ILogger _logger;
    private Timer _timer;



    public TimedHostedService(ILogger<TimedHostedService> logger) //context ?
    {

        _logger = logger; 


    }

    public Task StartAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        _logger.LogInformation("Timed Background Service is starting.");

        _timer = new Timer(DoWork, null, TimeSpan.Zero,
            TimeSpan.FromSeconds(60));

        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }

    private void DoWork(object state)
    {
        _logger.LogInformation("Atualização automática");


    }

    public Task StopAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        _logger.LogInformation("Timed Background Service is stopping.");

        _timer?.Change(Timeout.Infinite, 0);

        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        _timer?.Dispose();
    }
}

启动文件:

namespace Products
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {

            services.AddCors(o => o.AddPolicy("AllowAllOrigins", builder =>
            {
                builder.AllowAnyMethod()
                    .AllowAnyHeader()
                    .AllowAnyOrigin();
            }));

            services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_1);

            services.AddDbContext<Context>(options =>
                    options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("LaprDB")));
            services.AddDbContext<ContextUsers>(options =>
                    options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("MyDbConnection")));

            services.AddHostedService<TimedHostedService>();

        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }
            else
            {
                app.UseHsts();
            }

            app.UseCors("AllowAllOrigins");
            app.UseHttpsRedirection();
            app.UseMvc();

        }
    }
}

我搜索了一些带有范围工厂的解决方案,但我无法理解其中的任何一个。有人可以解释一下如何将上下文传输到 TimedHostedService 吗? 如果您需要更多信息,请告诉我。

托管服务是一个单例,这意味着在应用程序的生命周期中只有一个 class 实例存在。

上下文是有范围的,这意味着它被设计为具有非常短的生命周期(仅针对特定 "scope",如单个 HTTP 请求)。它不擅长无限期地保持活动状态(涉及数据库连接,例如,您不能保证它会在应用程序的生命周期内保持打开状态)。

如果您将一个 Context 注入另一个 class,则该 Context 将在 class 实例的整个生命周期内存在。对于单例 class,这就是应用程序的生命周期。所以这就是为什么你得到你做的例外。 .NET Core 告诉你:"This isn't going to work the way you think it's going to work"

解决方法在这里:

简而言之,注入一个 IServiceScopeFactory,它使您能够在需要时要求 DI 引擎为您提供范围 class,然后由您来决定是否保留它 只要你需要就可以.

private readonly IServiceScopeFactory _scopeFactory;

public TimedHostedService(ILogger<TimedHostedService> logger, IServiceScopeFactory scopeFactory)
{
    _logger = logger; 
    _scopeFactory = scopeFactory;
}

然后你得到这样的上下文:

using (var scope = scopeFactory.CreateScope())
{
    var context = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<Context>();
    //do what you need
}//scope (and context) gets destroyed here

旧答案(这里是错误的,但适用于其他类型的 classes):

只需将它放入您的构造函数中,它就会被 dependency injection:

注入
public TimedHostedService(ILogger<TimedHostedService> logger, Context context)
{
    _logger = logger; 
    _context = context;
}

正是 services.AddDbContext() 行使它们可用于依赖项注入。只需选择您想要的类型,因为您已经定义了两个:

services.AddDbContext<Context>(options =>
    options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("LaprDB")));
services.AddDbContext<ContextUsers>(options =>
    options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("MyDbConnection")));