is_assignable 和 std::unique_ptr

is_assignable and std::unique_ptr

Here is a test file from gcc, live demo

struct do_nothing
{
    template <class T>
    void operator()(T*) {}
};

int
main()
{
    int i = 0;
    std::unique_ptr<int, do_nothing> p1(&i);
    std::unique_ptr<int> p2;
    static_assert(!std::is_assignable<decltype(p2), decltype(p1)>::value, ""); // note ! here.    
}

std::is_assignable

If the expression std::declval<T>() = std::declval<U>() is well-formed in unevaluated context, provides the member constant value equal true. Otherwise, value is false. Access checks are performed as if from a context unrelated to either type.

std::declval:

template<class T>
typename std::add_rvalue_reference<T>::type declval() noexcept;

The return type is T&& unless T is (possibly cv-qualified) void, in which case the return type is T.

我们来看看MoveAssignOnly:

struct MoveAssignOnly {
  MoveAssignOnly &operator=(MoveAssignOnly &) = delete;
  MoveAssignOnly &operator=(MoveAssignOnly &&) = default;
};

int main()
{
    static_assert(
    not std::is_assignable<MoveAssignOnly, MoveAssignOnly>::value, "");
}

live demo:

error: static_assert failed due to requirement '!std::is_assignable<MoveAssignOnly, MoveAssignOnly>::value'

是的,编译失败,因为它提供了移动赋值

让我们return到gcc's test file and std::unique_ptr. As we know, std::unique_ptr also has move assignments

然而,与 struct MoveAssignOnly 不同,static_assert(!std::is_assignable<decltype(p2), decltype(p1)>::value, "");(更清楚的是,static_assert(!std::is_assignable<std::unique_ptr<int>, std::unique_ptr<int, do_nothing>>::value, ""); 编译愉快。

纠结了很久libcxx对unique_ptr的实现,还是想不通:std::unique_ptr怎么会不可赋值(! is_assignable) 当 std::unique_ptr 提供移动分配时?

p1p2 是不同的类型。与 shared_ptr 不同,unique_ptr 的删除器是指针类型的一部分。这意味着如果删除器类型不同,移动赋值运算符不允许您在两个 unique_ptr 之间进行赋值(甚至移动赋值)。

unique_ptr 还提供了一个赋值运算符模板,它允许使用不同的删除器从 unique_ptr 的右值进行分配,但删除器必须是可分配的(参见 reference)。因此,您可以通过使删除器可分配来使静态断言触发:

struct do_nothing
{
    template <class T>
    void operator()(T*) {}

    template <class T>
    operator std::default_delete<T>() { return {}; }
};

int
main()
{
    int i = 0;
    std::unique_ptr<int, do_nothing> p1(&i);
    std::unique_ptr<int> p2;
    static_assert(!std::is_assignable<decltype(p2), decltype(p1)>::value, ""); // note ! here.    
}

[Live example]