如何在 ArrayLists 中使用多态性?

How to use polymorphism in ArrayLists?

所以我有这个动物园程序,我想在其中获得动物园中的房间列表,以及每个房间中的猫列表。

我有 3 个 classes:FelidHousecatWildcat - HousecatWildcat 扩展 Felid .根据动物的文字 class(现在我有老虎、波斯猫、暹罗猫和猎豹 - 老虎和猎豹扩展野猫,波斯猫和暹罗猫扩展家猫)某些属性将被自动分配。

Class 图 - http://i.imgur.com/VTSNRVA.jpg

例如,这些是猫科动物的字段:

String speciesName;
String furColour;
String gender;
int weightPounds;
boolean packAnimal;
String habitat;
int age;

这些是 housecat 的字段:

String ownerName;
String catName;
boolean feral;

这些是 wildcat 的字段:

boolean manEater;

在我的家猫构造函数中,我有

    if(catName == null || catName.equals("")){
        feral = true;
    } 

如果这只猫是野猫,当用户创建一个带有猫名的 HouseCat 并使用 'printCatInfo()':

@Override
public void printCatInfo(){
    if(feral){
        System.out.println("feral" + "\n" + speciesName + "\n" + furColour + "\n" + gender + 
            "\n" + weightPounds + "lbs\n" + "is not a pack animal" + "\n" + habitat + "\n" + age + " years old (human)");
    }
    else{
        System.out.println("owner name is: " + ownerName + "\n" + "cat name is: " + catName + "\n" + speciesName + "\n" + furColour + "\n" + gender + 
            "\n" + weightPounds + "lbs\n" + "is not a pack animal" + "\n" + habitat + "\n" + age + " years old (human)" + "\n");
    }     
}

它不会打印它的名字。

feral
siamese
White or grey abdomen with black legs, face and tail
male
8lbs
is not a pack animal
urban
7 years old (human)

问题是它把所有的猫都算作野猫,我认为这是因为我用于猫列表的列表是:

ArrayList<Felid> catList = new ArrayList<Felid>();

所以我猜 catName 将始终为 null,因为添加到列表中的家猫只会算作类型 'felid'。

如何创建一个列表,我可以将所有的猫都扔进去,但仍将它们视为各自的 classes?

编辑:感谢您指出赋值运算符错误,尽管它仍然只打印 feral

最终编辑:非常感谢 'DoubleDouble' 向我指出如何使用 'Super()' - 这不是我所期望的问题所在。这是问题所在:

public class Siamese extends HouseCat{
    public Siamese(int weightPounds, int age, String ownerName, String catName, String gender){
        this.speciesName = "siamese";
        this.furColour = "White or grey abdomen with black legs, face and tail";        
        this.ownerName = ownerName;
        this.catName = catName;
        this.weightPounds = weightPounds;
        this.age = age;
        this.gender = gender;
    }
}

新代码:

public class Siamese extends HouseCat{
    public Siamese(int weightPounds, int age, String ownerName, String catName, String gender){
        super(catName);
        this.speciesName = "siamese";
        this.furColour = "White or grey abdomen with black legs, face and tail";        
        this.ownerName = ownerName;
        this.catName = catName;
        this.weightPounds = weightPounds;
        this.age = age;
        this.gender = gender;
    }
}
if(feral = true){

这是赋值语句,不是比较语句。使用 ==

这一行:

if(feral = true){

您已将 true 分配给 feral。您使用了赋值运算符 =。比较运算符是==。但是,feral 已经是一个 boolean,因此您可以在条件中使用 feral 本身。

if (feral) {

你的构造函数似乎如下(如果我错了请纠正我):

public Siamese(int weightPounds, int age, String ownerName, String catName, String gender)
{
    this.weightPounds = weightPounds;
    this.age = age;
    this.ownerName = ownerName;
    this.catName = catName;
    this.gender = gender;
}

public HouseCat()
{
    if(catName == null || catName.equals(""))
    {
        feral = true;
    }
}

由于ownerNamecatNameferal都是HouseCatclass的一部分,所以最好让HouseCat 构造函数处理这些字段。

public HouseCat(String ownerName, String catName)
{
    this.ownerName = ownerName;
    this.catName = catName;
    if(catName == null || catName.equals(""))
    {
        feral = true;
    }
}

那时暹罗长这样:

public Siamese(int weightPounds, int age, String ownerName, String catName, String gender)
{
    super(ownerName, catName);
    this.weightPounds = weightPounds;
    this.age = age;
    this.gender = gender;
}