无锁 fifo 缓冲区中的删除节点检测

Deleted node detection in lockless fifo buffer

我一直在研究无锁的 c++11 fifo 缓冲区。我几乎明白了。然而,一个小细节让我变得更好。缓冲区有一个头指向:

std::shared_ptr<node<T>> m_head;

类型:

    struct node
    {
        node(const T data)
            :
            data(new T(data)),
            next(nullptr)
        {}
        std::shared_ptr<T> data;
        std::shared_ptr<node<T>> next;
    };

然后是产品:

    void produce(const T &&data)
    {
        //bool indicating whether a notification should be sent after adding
        bool l_notifyUponAdding;

        //the new node to be added at the end of the array
        std::shared_ptr<node<T>> l_newNode(new node<T>(std::forward<const T&&>(data)));
        //pointer to the last node
        std::shared_ptr<node<T>> l_lastNode(std::atomic_load(&m_head));
        //value to compare the next of the last node with
        std::shared_ptr<node<T>> l_expectedNullPointer;
        //notify if this isn't the only node
        l_notifyUponAdding = !l_lastNode;

        if (!l_lastNode)//if there are no nodes, add this as the only node
        if (std::atomic_compare_exchange_strong(&m_head, &l_expectedNullPointer, l_newNode))
            return;

        do
        {
            l_expectedNullPointer.reset();
            while (l_lastNode->next)
            {
                l_lastNode = std::atomic_load(&l_lastNode)->next;
            }
        } while (!std::atomic_compare_exchange_weak(&l_lastNode->next, &l_expectedNullPointer, l_newNode));

        //adding failed since another thread already did this. 
        l_lastNode = l_expectedNullPointer;


        if (l_notifyUponAdding)
            m_newDataWaiter.notify_one();
        }    

并消耗:

        std::shared_ptr<T> consume(bool blockingCall = false)
        {
            //Check if the head is null if it is:
            if (!std::atomic_load(&m_head))
            {
                if (blockingCall)//And this is a blocking call,
                {
                    do
                    {
                        m_newDataWaiter.wait(m_newDataWaiterLock, [this]{return std::atomic_load(&(this->m_head)) == nullptr; });//we block until
                    } while (!std::atomic_load(&m_head));// the load yields a head that is not null(to avoid unnecessary calls on spurious wake ups)
                }
                else//And this is not a blocking call we 
                {
                    return nullptr;
                }
            }

        //If we've found a valid head we will now try to make the node pointed to by head the new head. 
        std::shared_ptr<node<T>> l_poppee = atomic_load(&m_head);
        std::shared_ptr<node<T>> l_newHead = atomic_load(&m_head);

        //note that l_poppee gets updated if the compare exchange fails
        while (l_poppee && !std::atomic_compare_exchange_weak(&m_head, &l_poppee, l_poppee->next))
        {

        }

        if (l_poppee)
            return l_poppee->data;
        else
            return std::shared_ptr<T>();
    }

函数。

似乎一切正常。但是我认为有一个缺陷。如果在执行 produce 时所有节点都被消耗。数据将添加到最后一个元素。即使该元素已被删除。

更准确的说,如果这一行已经被执行:

if (std::atomic_compare_exchange_strong(&m_head, &l_expectedNullPointer, l_newNode))

并且加载的节点不为零。最后一个节点的下一个元素将被更改。无论节点是否同时被删除。由于共享指针,只要执行生产函数,就不会物理删除节点。

但是,主指针将被设置为NULL。因此,一旦退出 produce 函数,新节点将被删除。

有人会碰巧知道这个问题的解决方案吗:)?

这种情况总是在无锁列表中通过在列表中保留一个虚拟节点来解决。头始终指向虚拟节点,它是第一个节点 列表。

当队列变空时,头和尾都指向一个虚拟节点。

您可以查看 http://www.research.ibm.com/people/m/michael/podc-1996.pdf 了解详细信息,这样我就不会曲解这个概念,因为它很容易从文章中选取。