在 Visual Studio 2017 中为 Python 使用 Pybind11 构建 CPP 时出现编译错误
Compile Error while building CPP with Pybind11 for Python in Visual Studio 2017
此查询与 Microsoft Docs 中标题为 Create a C++ extension for Python 的教程有关。
我已按照教程完成所有说明。我正在使用 Windows 10 64 位并安装了多个 python 版本，我通常将其称为 py -x.x-xx sample.py。为此，我安装了 Visual Studio 2017 和 Python 开发选项，其中包括 Python 3.6 32 位和 64 位。
教程中展示了两种方式：(1) CPython extensions and (2) Pybind11。他们两个都出现了多个错误。但是，我决定采用 Pybind11 方式并因此列出与之相关的错误，因为它更简洁并且对原始 C++ 代码的改动很小。
这是 module.cpp 文件的片段：
#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <cmath>
const double e = 2.7182818284590452353602874713527;
double sinh_impl(double x) {
return (1 - pow(e, (-2 * x))) / (2 * pow(e, -x));
}
double cosh_impl(double x) {
return (1 + pow(e, (-2 * x))) / (2 * pow(e, -x));
}
double tanh_impl(double x) {
return sinh_impl(x) / cosh_impl(x);
}
namespace py = pybind11;
PYBIND11_MODULE(superfastcode2, m) {
m.def("fast_tanh2", &tanh_impl, R"pbdoc(
Compute a hyperbolic tangent of a single argument expressed in radians.
)pbdoc");
#ifdef VERSION_INFO
m.attr("__version__") = VERSION_INFO;
#else
m.attr("__version__") = "dev";
#endif
}
当我尝试按照教程中的说明进行构建时，以下是日志中生成的错误：
module.cpp
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(49): error C2061: syntax error: identifier 'Py_buffer'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(49): error C2535: 'pybind11::buffer_info::buffer_info(void)': member function already defined or declared
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(26): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::buffer_info::buffer_info'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(87): error C2143: syntax error: missing ';' before '*'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(87): error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(87): error C2238: unexpected token(s) preceding ';'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(50): error C2065: 'view': undeclared identifier
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(51): error C2065: 'view': undeclared identifier
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(50): error C2661: 'pybind11::buffer_info::buffer_info': no overloaded function takes 2 arguments
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(52): error C2039: 'view': is not a member of 'pybind11::buffer_info'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(17): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::buffer_info'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(52): error C2065: 'view': undeclared identifier
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(71): error C2065: 'view': undeclared identifier
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(71): error C2039: 'view': is not a member of 'pybind11::buffer_info'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(17): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::buffer_info'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(77): error C2065: 'view': undeclared identifier
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(77): error C3861: 'PyBuffer_Release': identifier not found
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(77): error C2541: 'delete': cannot delete objects that are not pointers
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(406): error C3861: 'PyInstanceMethod_Check': identifier not found
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(407): error C3861: 'PyInstanceMethod_GET_FUNCTION': identifier not found
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(410): error C3861: 'PyMethod_Check': identifier not found
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(411): error C3861: 'PyMethod_GET_FUNCTION': identifier not found
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(613): error C2065: 'PyListObject': undeclared identifier
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(613): error C2059: syntax error: ')'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(613): error C2612: trailing '(' illegal in base/member initializer list
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(678): error C2039: 'sequence_slow_readwrite': is not a member of 'pybind11::detail::iterator_policies'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(595): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::detail::iterator_policies'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(678): error C2065: 'sequence_slow_readwrite': undeclared identifier
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(678): error C2923: 'pybind11::detail::generic_iterator': 'sequence_slow_readwrite' is not a valid template type argument for parameter 'Policy'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(679): error C2039: 'dict_readonly': is not a member of 'pybind11::detail::iterator_policies'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(595): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::detail::iterator_policies'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(679): error C2065: 'dict_readonly': undeclared identifier
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(679): error C2923: 'pybind11::detail::generic_iterator': 'dict_readonly' is not a valid template type argument for parameter 'Policy'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(779): error C2027: use of undefined type '_typeobject'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\object.h(344): note: see declaration of '_typeobject'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(779): error C2065: '_PyObject_NextNotImplemented': undeclared identifier
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(832): error C2039: 'PyIterable_Check': is not a member of 'pybind11::detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(402): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(832): error C3861: 'PyIterable_Check': identifier not found
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(839): error C2039: 'PyUnicode_Check_Permissive': is not a member of 'pybind11::detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(402): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(839): error C3861: 'PyUnicode_Check_Permissive': identifier not found
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(934): error C2440: 'initializing': cannot convert from 'const pybind11::str' to 'pybind11::object'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(934): note: No user-defined-conversion operator available that can perform this conversion, or the operator cannot be called
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(935): error C2027: use of undefined type 'pybind11::str'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(21): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::str'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(936): error C2027: use of undefined type 'pybind11::str'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(21): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::str'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(963): error C2039: 'PyNone_Check': is not a member of 'pybind11::detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(402): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(963): error C3861: 'PyNone_Check': identifier not found
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1012): error C2039: 'enable_if_t': is not a member of 'pybind11::detail::detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(984): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::detail::detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1012): error C2947: expecting '>' to terminate template-parameter-list, found '<'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1012): warning C4346: 'value': dependent name is not a type
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1012): note: prefix with 'typename' to indicate a type
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1012): error C2061: syntax error: identifier 'value'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1013): error C2334: unexpected token(s) preceding '{'; skipping apparent function body
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1029): error C2039: 'enable_if_t': is not a member of 'pybind11::detail::detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(984): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::detail::detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1029): error C2947: expecting '>' to terminate template-parameter-list, found '<'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1029): warning C4346: 'value': dependent name is not a type
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1029): note: prefix with 'typename' to indicate a type
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1029): error C2061: syntax error: identifier 'value'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1030): error C2334: unexpected token(s) preceding '{'; skipping apparent function body
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1301): error C2244: 'pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::begin': unable to match function definition to an existing declaration
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1301): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::begin'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1301): note: definition
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1301): note: 'pybind11::detail::iterator pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::begin(void) const'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1301): note: existing declarations
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1301): note: 'pybind11::iterator pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::begin(void) const'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1302): error C2244: 'pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::end': unable to match function definition to an existing declaration
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1302): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::end'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1302): note: definition
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1302): note: 'pybind11::detail::iterator pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::end(void) const'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1302): note: existing declarations
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1302): note: 'pybind11::iterator pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::end(void) const'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1303): error C2888: 'pybind11::detail::item_accessor pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::operator [](pybind11::handle) const': symbol cannot be defined within namespace 'detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1306): error C2988: unrecognizable template declaration/definition
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1306): error C2059: syntax error: 'const'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1306): error C2143: syntax error: missing ';' before '{'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1306): error C2447: '{': missing function header (old-style formal list?)
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1309): error C2888: 'pybind11::detail::obj_attr_accessor pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::attr(pybind11::handle) const': symbol cannot be defined within namespace 'detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1312): error C2988: unrecognizable template declaration/definition
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1312): error C2059: syntax error: 'const'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1312): error C2143: syntax error: missing ';' before '{'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1312): error C2447: '{': missing function header (old-style formal list?)
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1315): error C2888: 'pybind11::detail::args_proxy pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::operator *(void) const': symbol cannot be defined within namespace 'detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1317): error C2027: use of undefined type 'pybind11::detail::args_proxy'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(25): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::detail::args_proxy'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1318): error C2888: 'bool pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::contains(T &&) const': symbol cannot be defined within namespace 'detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1323): error C2888: 'pybind11::str pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::str(void) const': symbol cannot be defined within namespace 'detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1323): error C2027: use of undefined type 'pybind11::str'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(21): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::str'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1326): error C2888: 'pybind11::detail::str_attr_accessor pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::doc(void) const': symbol cannot be defined within namespace 'detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1329): error C2888: 'pybind11::handle pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::get_type(void) const': symbol cannot be defined within namespace 'detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\detail\typeid.h(22): fatal error C1903: unable to recover from previous error(s); stopping compilation
我遇到了完全相同的问题。经过适当的努力，我下载了与 github: https://github.com/Microsoft/python-sample-vs-cpp-extension 上的教程相关的存储库，并逐行完成了项目配置。 （顺便说一下，他们的配置使用环境变量 PYTHONPATH 而不是教程中指示的 PYTHONHOME。）
解决我问题的方法是将预处理器定义更改为：
_WINDLL;%(预处理器定义)
以匹配存储库版本。罪魁祸首似乎是教程建议的 Py_LIMITED_API 定义：当我将其添加到列表中时，问题 returns.
正如我所看到的，您正在尝试使用 32 位 Python 编译示例，但它无法编译 Python 安装中的 pybind11。
默认情况下，我的 VS2017 单独安装了 64 位 Python。
所以我已经为 64 位配置了这样的示例。
在 superfastcode2 中转到：
C/C++/常规/附加包含目录 - 添加
$(PythonHome)Include和$(ProjectDir)pybind11-master，最新的一定要指向安装pybind11的地方（从GitHub下载成ZIP文件，解压到pybind11-master目录下，我里面有superfastcode2 文件夹）。
链接器/常规 - 添加 $(PythonHome)libs
在 superfastcode 中转到：
C/C++/常规/附加包含目录 - 添加
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Python36_64\include
链接器/通用 - 添加
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Python36_64\libs
在 module.cpp 中为 Python.h 添加此解决方法：
//Workaround for - LNK1104: cannot open file 'python36_d.lib'
#define HAVE_RND //This makes always use the Release version of Python, even in Debug mode
#ifdef _DEBUG
#define RESTORE_DEBUG
#undef _DEBUG
#endif
#include <Python.h>
#ifdef RESTORE_DEBUG
#define _DEBUG
#undef RESTORE_DEBUG
#endif
将路径修复为：
#include <include/pybind11/pybind11.h>
应该可以了。 ;)
同样的问题！最后，我通过将 [Configuration > Platform] 更改为 x64 来修复它，因为我安装了 64 位版本 Python.
Linker errors related to target architecture: change the C++ target's project architecture to match that of your Python installation. For example, if you're targeting x64 with the C++ project but your Python installation is x86, change the C++ project to target x86.
此查询与 Microsoft Docs 中标题为 Create a C++ extension for Python 的教程有关。
我已按照教程完成所有说明。我正在使用 Windows 10 64 位并安装了多个 python 版本，我通常将其称为 py -x.x-xx sample.py。为此，我安装了 Visual Studio 2017 和 Python 开发选项，其中包括 Python 3.6 32 位和 64 位。
教程中展示了两种方式：(1) CPython extensions and (2) Pybind11。他们两个都出现了多个错误。但是，我决定采用 Pybind11 方式并因此列出与之相关的错误，因为它更简洁并且对原始 C++ 代码的改动很小。
这是 module.cpp 文件的片段：
#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <cmath>
const double e = 2.7182818284590452353602874713527;
double sinh_impl(double x) {
return (1 - pow(e, (-2 * x))) / (2 * pow(e, -x));
}
double cosh_impl(double x) {
return (1 + pow(e, (-2 * x))) / (2 * pow(e, -x));
}
double tanh_impl(double x) {
return sinh_impl(x) / cosh_impl(x);
}
namespace py = pybind11;
PYBIND11_MODULE(superfastcode2, m) {
m.def("fast_tanh2", &tanh_impl, R"pbdoc(
Compute a hyperbolic tangent of a single argument expressed in radians.
)pbdoc");
#ifdef VERSION_INFO
m.attr("__version__") = VERSION_INFO;
#else
m.attr("__version__") = "dev";
#endif
}
当我尝试按照教程中的说明进行构建时，以下是日志中生成的错误：
module.cpp
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(49): error C2061: syntax error: identifier 'Py_buffer'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(49): error C2535: 'pybind11::buffer_info::buffer_info(void)': member function already defined or declared
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(26): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::buffer_info::buffer_info'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(87): error C2143: syntax error: missing ';' before '*'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(87): error C4430: missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(87): error C2238: unexpected token(s) preceding ';'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(50): error C2065: 'view': undeclared identifier
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(51): error C2065: 'view': undeclared identifier
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(50): error C2661: 'pybind11::buffer_info::buffer_info': no overloaded function takes 2 arguments
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(52): error C2039: 'view': is not a member of 'pybind11::buffer_info'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(17): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::buffer_info'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(52): error C2065: 'view': undeclared identifier
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(71): error C2065: 'view': undeclared identifier
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(71): error C2039: 'view': is not a member of 'pybind11::buffer_info'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(17): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::buffer_info'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(77): error C2065: 'view': undeclared identifier
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(77): error C3861: 'PyBuffer_Release': identifier not found
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\buffer_info.h(77): error C2541: 'delete': cannot delete objects that are not pointers
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(406): error C3861: 'PyInstanceMethod_Check': identifier not found
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(407): error C3861: 'PyInstanceMethod_GET_FUNCTION': identifier not found
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(410): error C3861: 'PyMethod_Check': identifier not found
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(411): error C3861: 'PyMethod_GET_FUNCTION': identifier not found
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(613): error C2065: 'PyListObject': undeclared identifier
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(613): error C2059: syntax error: ')'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(613): error C2612: trailing '(' illegal in base/member initializer list
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(678): error C2039: 'sequence_slow_readwrite': is not a member of 'pybind11::detail::iterator_policies'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(595): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::detail::iterator_policies'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(678): error C2065: 'sequence_slow_readwrite': undeclared identifier
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(678): error C2923: 'pybind11::detail::generic_iterator': 'sequence_slow_readwrite' is not a valid template type argument for parameter 'Policy'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(679): error C2039: 'dict_readonly': is not a member of 'pybind11::detail::iterator_policies'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(595): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::detail::iterator_policies'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(679): error C2065: 'dict_readonly': undeclared identifier
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(679): error C2923: 'pybind11::detail::generic_iterator': 'dict_readonly' is not a valid template type argument for parameter 'Policy'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(779): error C2027: use of undefined type '_typeobject'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\object.h(344): note: see declaration of '_typeobject'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(779): error C2065: '_PyObject_NextNotImplemented': undeclared identifier
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(832): error C2039: 'PyIterable_Check': is not a member of 'pybind11::detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(402): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(832): error C3861: 'PyIterable_Check': identifier not found
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(839): error C2039: 'PyUnicode_Check_Permissive': is not a member of 'pybind11::detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(402): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(839): error C3861: 'PyUnicode_Check_Permissive': identifier not found
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(934): error C2440: 'initializing': cannot convert from 'const pybind11::str' to 'pybind11::object'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(934): note: No user-defined-conversion operator available that can perform this conversion, or the operator cannot be called
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(935): error C2027: use of undefined type 'pybind11::str'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(21): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::str'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(936): error C2027: use of undefined type 'pybind11::str'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(21): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::str'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(963): error C2039: 'PyNone_Check': is not a member of 'pybind11::detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(402): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(963): error C3861: 'PyNone_Check': identifier not found
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1012): error C2039: 'enable_if_t': is not a member of 'pybind11::detail::detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(984): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::detail::detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1012): error C2947: expecting '>' to terminate template-parameter-list, found '<'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1012): warning C4346: 'value': dependent name is not a type
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1012): note: prefix with 'typename' to indicate a type
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1012): error C2061: syntax error: identifier 'value'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1013): error C2334: unexpected token(s) preceding '{'; skipping apparent function body
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1029): error C2039: 'enable_if_t': is not a member of 'pybind11::detail::detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(984): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::detail::detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1029): error C2947: expecting '>' to terminate template-parameter-list, found '<'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1029): warning C4346: 'value': dependent name is not a type
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1029): note: prefix with 'typename' to indicate a type
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1029): error C2061: syntax error: identifier 'value'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1030): error C2334: unexpected token(s) preceding '{'; skipping apparent function body
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1301): error C2244: 'pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::begin': unable to match function definition to an existing declaration
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1301): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::begin'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1301): note: definition
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1301): note: 'pybind11::detail::iterator pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::begin(void) const'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1301): note: existing declarations
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1301): note: 'pybind11::iterator pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::begin(void) const'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1302): error C2244: 'pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::end': unable to match function definition to an existing declaration
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1302): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::end'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1302): note: definition
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1302): note: 'pybind11::detail::iterator pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::end(void) const'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1302): note: existing declarations
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1302): note: 'pybind11::iterator pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::end(void) const'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1303): error C2888: 'pybind11::detail::item_accessor pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::operator [](pybind11::handle) const': symbol cannot be defined within namespace 'detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1306): error C2988: unrecognizable template declaration/definition
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1306): error C2059: syntax error: 'const'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1306): error C2143: syntax error: missing ';' before '{'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1306): error C2447: '{': missing function header (old-style formal list?)
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1309): error C2888: 'pybind11::detail::obj_attr_accessor pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::attr(pybind11::handle) const': symbol cannot be defined within namespace 'detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1312): error C2988: unrecognizable template declaration/definition
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1312): error C2059: syntax error: 'const'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1312): error C2143: syntax error: missing ';' before '{'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1312): error C2447: '{': missing function header (old-style formal list?)
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1315): error C2888: 'pybind11::detail::args_proxy pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::operator *(void) const': symbol cannot be defined within namespace 'detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1317): error C2027: use of undefined type 'pybind11::detail::args_proxy'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(25): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::detail::args_proxy'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1318): error C2888: 'bool pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::contains(T &&) const': symbol cannot be defined within namespace 'detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1323): error C2888: 'pybind11::str pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::str(void) const': symbol cannot be defined within namespace 'detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1323): error C2027: use of undefined type 'pybind11::str'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(21): note: see declaration of 'pybind11::str'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1326): error C2888: 'pybind11::detail::str_attr_accessor pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::doc(void) const': symbol cannot be defined within namespace 'detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\pytypes.h(1329): error C2888: 'pybind11::handle pybind11::detail::object_api<Derived>::get_type(void) const': symbol cannot be defined within namespace 'detail'
c:\program files (x86)\microsoft visual studio\shared\python36_86\include\pybind11\detail\typeid.h(22): fatal error C1903: unable to recover from previous error(s); stopping compilation
我遇到了完全相同的问题。经过适当的努力，我下载了与 github: https://github.com/Microsoft/python-sample-vs-cpp-extension 上的教程相关的存储库，并逐行完成了项目配置。 （顺便说一下，他们的配置使用环境变量 PYTHONPATH 而不是教程中指示的 PYTHONHOME。）
解决我问题的方法是将预处理器定义更改为： _WINDLL;%(预处理器定义) 以匹配存储库版本。罪魁祸首似乎是教程建议的 Py_LIMITED_API 定义：当我将其添加到列表中时，问题 returns.
正如我所看到的，您正在尝试使用 32 位 Python 编译示例，但它无法编译 Python 安装中的 pybind11。
默认情况下，我的 VS2017 单独安装了 64 位 Python。 所以我已经为 64 位配置了这样的示例。
在 superfastcode2 中转到：
C/C++/常规/附加包含目录 - 添加
$(PythonHome)Include和$(ProjectDir)pybind11-master，最新的一定要指向安装pybind11的地方（从GitHub下载成ZIP文件，解压到pybind11-master目录下，我里面有superfastcode2 文件夹）。
链接器/常规 - 添加 $(PythonHome)libs
在 superfastcode 中转到：
C/C++/常规/附加包含目录 - 添加
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Python36_64\include
链接器/通用 - 添加
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Shared\Python36_64\libs
在 module.cpp 中为 Python.h 添加此解决方法：
//Workaround for - LNK1104: cannot open file 'python36_d.lib'
#define HAVE_RND //This makes always use the Release version of Python, even in Debug mode
#ifdef _DEBUG
#define RESTORE_DEBUG
#undef _DEBUG
#endif
#include <Python.h>
#ifdef RESTORE_DEBUG
#define _DEBUG
#undef RESTORE_DEBUG
#endif
将路径修复为：
#include <include/pybind11/pybind11.h>
应该可以了。 ;)
同样的问题！最后，我通过将 [Configuration > Platform] 更改为 x64 来修复它，因为我安装了 64 位版本 Python.
Linker errors related to target architecture: change the C++ target's project architecture to match that of your Python installation. For example, if you're targeting x64 with the C++ project but your Python installation is x86, change the C++ project to target x86.