无法在 CentOS 7 上启动 MongoDB 3.0.2 服务
Unable to start MongoDB 3.0.2 service on CentOS 7
我们正在为 Amazon EC2 实例上的生产环境设置 MongoDB 服务器,但无法启动该服务。我已按照 this 文档进行设置。以下是我设置服务器的步骤:
在 /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb-org-3.0.repo
中添加了以下内容
[mongodb-org-3.0]
name=MongoDB Repository
baseurl=http://repo.mongodb.org/yum/redhat/$releasever/mongodb-org/3.0/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
并使用 sudo yum install -y mongodb-org-3.0.2
安装了 MongoDB 3.0.2
为数据、日志和日志创建了三个分区:
sudo mkdir /mongo
sudo mkdir /mongo/data
sudo mkdir /mongo/log
sudo mkdir /mongo/journal
为三个单独的分区创建了文件系统:
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdc
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdd
在 fstab
中为重新启动创建了条目:
echo '/dev/xvdb /mongo/data ext4 defaults,auto,noatime,noexec 0 0
/dev/xvdc /mongo/journal ext4 defaults,auto,noatime,noexec 0 0
/dev/xvdd /mongo/log ext4 defaults,auto,noatime,noexec 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
并挂载分区:
sudo mount /mongo/data
sudo mount /mongo/journal
sudo mount /mongo/log
授予权限并创建 link
sudo chown mongod:mongod /mongo/data /mongo/journal /mongo/log
sudo ln -s /mongo/journal /mongo/data/journal
已配置 ulimit
并预读上述文档 link 中给出的设置。已验证的权限和分区:
[deployer@prod-mongo ~]$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1 8.0G 1.3G 6.8G 16% /
devtmpfs 3.6G 0 3.6G 0% /dev
tmpfs 3.5G 0 3.5G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.5G 57M 3.4G 2% /run
tmpfs 3.5G 0 3.5G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/xvdc 7.8G 36M 7.3G 1% /mongo/journal
/dev/xvdb 150G 51M 149G 1% /mongo/data
/dev/xvdd 3.9G 16M 3.6G 1% /mongo/log
权限:
[deployer@prod-mongo ~]$ ll /
total 32
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Sep 29 2014 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Sep 29 2014 boot
drwxr-xr-x. 17 root root 2860 May 11 12:11 dev
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Sep 29 2014 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Sep 29 2014 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 10 2014 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 5 mongod mongod 41 May 11 05:06 mongo
drwxr-xr-x. 21 root root 660 May 11 12:47 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Sep 29 2014 sbin -> usr/sbin
里面/mongo
[deployer@prod-mongo ~]$ ll /mongo/
total 12
drwxr-xr-x. 3 mongod mongod 4096 May 11 07:33 data
drwxr-xr-x. 3 mongod mongod 4096 May 11 07:31 journal
drwxr-xr-x. 3 mongod mongod 4096 May 11 08:58 log
更改内部配置后/etc/mongodb.conf
logpath=/mongo/log/mongod.log
dbpath=/mongo/data
当我这样做时:sudo service mongod start
,我收到了这个错误:
Starting mongod (via systemctl): Job for mongod.service failed. See 'systemctl status mongod.service' and 'journalctl -xn' for details.
[FAILED]
进一步记录:
[deployer@prod-mongo ~]$ sudo systemctl status mongod.service
mongod.service - SYSV: Mongo is a scalable, document-oriented database.
Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mongod)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2015-05-12 04:42:10 UTC; 42s ago
Process: 22881 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mongod start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
May 11 04:42:10 ip-xx-xx-xx-xx.local runuser[22887]: pam_unix(runuser:session): session opened for user mongod by (uid=0)
May 11 04:42:10 ip-xx-xx-xx-xx.localdomain runuser[22887]: pam_unix(runuser:session): session closed for user mongod
May 11 04:42:10 ip-xx-xx-xx-xx.local mongod[22881]: Starting mongod: [FAILED]
May 11 04:42:10 ip-xx-xx-xx-xx.local systemd[1]: mongod.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
May 11 04:42:10 ip-xx-xx-xx-xx.local systemd[1]: Failed to start SYSV: Mongo is a scalable, document-oriented database..
May 11 04:42:10 ip-xx-xx-xx-xx.local systemd[1]: Unit mongod.service entered failed state.
我关注了各种文章和博客文章以及 StackExchange 的答案,但没有找到任何解决方案。我错过了什么吗?
更新:如果我直接运行来自普通用户的mongodb
服务是这样的:sudo mongod --logpath ~/mongod.log --dbpath ~/mongodata
,那么这个服务正常启动。
我们尝试将 pid
文件的路径更改为另一个目录,这也没有帮助。
我猜你运行正在使用 SELinux(也许是 RHEL 或 CentOS 7?)LinuxLinux
如果是这样,问题是您的 /mongo/
目录没有允许访问守护进程(如 mongod
服务)的许可策略。
来自维基百科:
SELinux can potentially control which activities a system allows each
user, process and daemon, with very precise specifications. However,
it is mostly used to confine daemons[citation needed] like database
engines or web servers that have more clearly defined data access and
activity rights. This limits potential harm from a confined daemon
that becomes compromised. Ordinary user-processes often run in the
unconfined domain, not restricted by SELinux but still restricted by
the classic Linux access rights
要检查这是否是问题所在,请在 shell:
试试这个
sudo setenforce 0
这应该禁用 SELinux 策略并允许服务 运行。
有关更永久的解决方案,请参阅 https://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/SELinux
万一有人在 MongoDB 启动时遇到同样的问题,这里是评论线程 https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/SERVER-18439。此问题计划在 3.1
.
中修复
我 运行 解决了这个问题,实际上找到了适合我的解决方案。
简而言之,mongodb 3.2 使用用户 'mongod',而旧版本使用 'mongodb'。一些文件和目录归 'mongodb'(旧用户)所有。一旦我将它们更改为 'mongod' 用户,我就能够使用 systemctl 来控制 mongod 进程。
更具体地说,是“/var/log/mongodb/*”文件的用户所有权错误。
root@<HOST>:# ls -alh /var/log/mongodb
total 664K
drwxr-xr-x 2 mongod mongod 4.0K Oct 27 12:08 .
drwxr-xr-x. 22 root root 4.0K Oct 27 11:51 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 3.8K Oct 27 11:48 mongod.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 19K Apr 14 2016 mongod.log.2016-04-14T18-29-34
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 2.8K Apr 14 2016 mongod.log.2016-04-14T18-30-13
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 12K Apr 14 2016 mongod.log.2016-04-14T22-27-27
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 11K Apr 14 2016 mongod.log.2016-04-14T22-29-12
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 5.6K Apr 18 2016 mongod.log-20160418.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 0 Apr 18 2016 mongod.log.2016-09-09T17-33-48
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 3.6K Sep 9 11:34 mongod.log.2016-09-09T17-34-52
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 23K Sep 9 11:49 mongod.log.2016-09-09T17-49-49
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 5.0K Sep 9 11:55 mongod.log.2016-09-09T17-55-15
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 5.0K Sep 9 12:02 mongod.log.2016-09-09T18-02-26
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 5.0K Sep 9 12:13 mongod.log.2016-09-09T18-13-17
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 5.0K Sep 9 12:25 mongod.log.2016-09-09T18-25-01
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 5.2K Sep 9 12:47 mongod.log.2016-09-09T18-47-54
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 5.0K Sep 9 12:52 mongod.log.2016-09-09T18-52-16
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 5.0K Sep 9 12:54 mongod.log.2016-09-09T18-54-49
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 5.0K Sep 9 13:01 mongod.log.2016-09-09T19-01-22
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 3.0K Sep 9 13:03 mongod.log.2016-09-09T19-03-21
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 215K Sep 9 14:25 mongod.log.2016-09-09T20-25-59
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 281K Sep 10 03:42 mongod.log-20160910
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 0 Sep 10 03:42 mongod.log.2016-10-27T17-42-42
-rw-r----- 1 mongod mongod 0 Sep 29 22:03 mongod.log.rpmnew
注意目录的所有者是 'mongod'(新用户),而日志文件全部归 'mongodb'(旧用户)所有。
我们正在为 Amazon EC2 实例上的生产环境设置 MongoDB 服务器,但无法启动该服务。我已按照 this 文档进行设置。以下是我设置服务器的步骤:
在 /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb-org-3.0.repo
[mongodb-org-3.0]
name=MongoDB Repository
baseurl=http://repo.mongodb.org/yum/redhat/$releasever/mongodb-org/3.0/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
并使用 sudo yum install -y mongodb-org-3.0.2
为数据、日志和日志创建了三个分区:
sudo mkdir /mongo
sudo mkdir /mongo/data
sudo mkdir /mongo/log
sudo mkdir /mongo/journal
为三个单独的分区创建了文件系统:
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdb
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdc
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/xvdd
在 fstab
中为重新启动创建了条目:
echo '/dev/xvdb /mongo/data ext4 defaults,auto,noatime,noexec 0 0
/dev/xvdc /mongo/journal ext4 defaults,auto,noatime,noexec 0 0
/dev/xvdd /mongo/log ext4 defaults,auto,noatime,noexec 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
并挂载分区:
sudo mount /mongo/data
sudo mount /mongo/journal
sudo mount /mongo/log
授予权限并创建 link
sudo chown mongod:mongod /mongo/data /mongo/journal /mongo/log
sudo ln -s /mongo/journal /mongo/data/journal
已配置 ulimit
并预读上述文档 link 中给出的设置。已验证的权限和分区:
[deployer@prod-mongo ~]$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1 8.0G 1.3G 6.8G 16% /
devtmpfs 3.6G 0 3.6G 0% /dev
tmpfs 3.5G 0 3.5G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.5G 57M 3.4G 2% /run
tmpfs 3.5G 0 3.5G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/xvdc 7.8G 36M 7.3G 1% /mongo/journal
/dev/xvdb 150G 51M 149G 1% /mongo/data
/dev/xvdd 3.9G 16M 3.6G 1% /mongo/log
权限:
[deployer@prod-mongo ~]$ ll /
total 32
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Sep 29 2014 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Sep 29 2014 boot
drwxr-xr-x. 17 root root 2860 May 11 12:11 dev
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Sep 29 2014 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Sep 29 2014 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jun 10 2014 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 5 mongod mongod 41 May 11 05:06 mongo
drwxr-xr-x. 21 root root 660 May 11 12:47 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Sep 29 2014 sbin -> usr/sbin
里面/mongo
[deployer@prod-mongo ~]$ ll /mongo/
total 12
drwxr-xr-x. 3 mongod mongod 4096 May 11 07:33 data
drwxr-xr-x. 3 mongod mongod 4096 May 11 07:31 journal
drwxr-xr-x. 3 mongod mongod 4096 May 11 08:58 log
更改内部配置后/etc/mongodb.conf
logpath=/mongo/log/mongod.log
dbpath=/mongo/data
当我这样做时:sudo service mongod start
,我收到了这个错误:
Starting mongod (via systemctl): Job for mongod.service failed. See 'systemctl status mongod.service' and 'journalctl -xn' for details.
[FAILED]
进一步记录:
[deployer@prod-mongo ~]$ sudo systemctl status mongod.service
mongod.service - SYSV: Mongo is a scalable, document-oriented database.
Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mongod)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2015-05-12 04:42:10 UTC; 42s ago
Process: 22881 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mongod start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
May 11 04:42:10 ip-xx-xx-xx-xx.local runuser[22887]: pam_unix(runuser:session): session opened for user mongod by (uid=0)
May 11 04:42:10 ip-xx-xx-xx-xx.localdomain runuser[22887]: pam_unix(runuser:session): session closed for user mongod
May 11 04:42:10 ip-xx-xx-xx-xx.local mongod[22881]: Starting mongod: [FAILED]
May 11 04:42:10 ip-xx-xx-xx-xx.local systemd[1]: mongod.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
May 11 04:42:10 ip-xx-xx-xx-xx.local systemd[1]: Failed to start SYSV: Mongo is a scalable, document-oriented database..
May 11 04:42:10 ip-xx-xx-xx-xx.local systemd[1]: Unit mongod.service entered failed state.
我关注了各种文章和博客文章以及 StackExchange 的答案,但没有找到任何解决方案。我错过了什么吗?
更新:如果我直接运行来自普通用户的mongodb
服务是这样的:sudo mongod --logpath ~/mongod.log --dbpath ~/mongodata
,那么这个服务正常启动。
我们尝试将 pid
文件的路径更改为另一个目录,这也没有帮助。
我猜你运行正在使用 SELinux(也许是 RHEL 或 CentOS 7?)LinuxLinux
如果是这样,问题是您的 /mongo/
目录没有允许访问守护进程(如 mongod
服务)的许可策略。
来自维基百科:
SELinux can potentially control which activities a system allows each user, process and daemon, with very precise specifications. However, it is mostly used to confine daemons[citation needed] like database engines or web servers that have more clearly defined data access and activity rights. This limits potential harm from a confined daemon that becomes compromised. Ordinary user-processes often run in the unconfined domain, not restricted by SELinux but still restricted by the classic Linux access rights
要检查这是否是问题所在,请在 shell:
试试这个sudo setenforce 0
这应该禁用 SELinux 策略并允许服务 运行。
有关更永久的解决方案,请参阅 https://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/SELinux
万一有人在 MongoDB 启动时遇到同样的问题,这里是评论线程 https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/SERVER-18439。此问题计划在 3.1
.
我 运行 解决了这个问题,实际上找到了适合我的解决方案。
简而言之,mongodb 3.2 使用用户 'mongod',而旧版本使用 'mongodb'。一些文件和目录归 'mongodb'(旧用户)所有。一旦我将它们更改为 'mongod' 用户,我就能够使用 systemctl 来控制 mongod 进程。
更具体地说,是“/var/log/mongodb/*”文件的用户所有权错误。
root@<HOST>:# ls -alh /var/log/mongodb
total 664K
drwxr-xr-x 2 mongod mongod 4.0K Oct 27 12:08 .
drwxr-xr-x. 22 root root 4.0K Oct 27 11:51 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 3.8K Oct 27 11:48 mongod.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 19K Apr 14 2016 mongod.log.2016-04-14T18-29-34
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 2.8K Apr 14 2016 mongod.log.2016-04-14T18-30-13
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 12K Apr 14 2016 mongod.log.2016-04-14T22-27-27
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 11K Apr 14 2016 mongod.log.2016-04-14T22-29-12
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 5.6K Apr 18 2016 mongod.log-20160418.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 0 Apr 18 2016 mongod.log.2016-09-09T17-33-48
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 3.6K Sep 9 11:34 mongod.log.2016-09-09T17-34-52
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 23K Sep 9 11:49 mongod.log.2016-09-09T17-49-49
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 5.0K Sep 9 11:55 mongod.log.2016-09-09T17-55-15
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 5.0K Sep 9 12:02 mongod.log.2016-09-09T18-02-26
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 5.0K Sep 9 12:13 mongod.log.2016-09-09T18-13-17
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 5.0K Sep 9 12:25 mongod.log.2016-09-09T18-25-01
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 5.2K Sep 9 12:47 mongod.log.2016-09-09T18-47-54
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 5.0K Sep 9 12:52 mongod.log.2016-09-09T18-52-16
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 5.0K Sep 9 12:54 mongod.log.2016-09-09T18-54-49
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 5.0K Sep 9 13:01 mongod.log.2016-09-09T19-01-22
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 3.0K Sep 9 13:03 mongod.log.2016-09-09T19-03-21
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 215K Sep 9 14:25 mongod.log.2016-09-09T20-25-59
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 281K Sep 10 03:42 mongod.log-20160910
-rw-r--r-- 1 mongodb mongodb 0 Sep 10 03:42 mongod.log.2016-10-27T17-42-42
-rw-r----- 1 mongod mongod 0 Sep 29 22:03 mongod.log.rpmnew
注意目录的所有者是 'mongod'(新用户),而日志文件全部归 'mongodb'(旧用户)所有。