如何使用 winapi crate 为 Windows 制作托盘图标？

Question

我正在尝试使用 Rust 的 winapi crate 制作一个简单的托盘图标。我以前在 C 中设法做到了，但我不能让 Rust 开心。稍后我将包含 C 代码以显示我想使用的 NOTIFYICONDATA 部分的哪些位。

超级基本目标：

让它说话
让它成为这样的默认图标

这是最简单的；其他的内置图标以后再想吧
更新单词
程序结束后删除

Link到Rust的winapi库（带搜索功能！）

https://docs.rs/winapi/*/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/winapi/um/wincon/fn.GetConsoleWindow.html

我真的根本不知道 Windows API，所以这对我来说都是希腊语，我只是匹配我在其他示例等中找到的语法。所以请不要跳过任何东西，因为我可能不知道那里隐含了什么（例如使用 std:: 或其他东西）！

Rust 版本 1.3.1
winapi crate 版本 0.3.6
Windows 10

这是我目前管理的 Rust 代码（但不起作用！）：

//-----Import Libraries (called crates)-----
extern crate winapi;
//-----Import Built-in Libraries (not called crates)-----
use std::process::Command; //use cmd.exe
use std::mem::size_of; //get size of stuff

fn main()
{
// to navigate calling with the winapi "crate" use the search function at link
// https://docs.rs/winapi/*/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/winapi/um/wincon/fn.GetConsoleWindow.html
let hWnd = unsafe { winapi::um::wincon::GetConsoleWindow }; //gets the current console window handle

//System Tray Icon support - here it is
let WM_MYMESSAGE = winapi::um::winuser::WM_APP + 100; //prep WM_MYMESSAGE
let mut trayToolTip = "Tool tip words here"; //record tooltip words for the icon
let nid = winapi::um::shellapi::NOTIFYICONDATAA //thing that has info on window and system tray stuff in it
{   
    cbSize: size_of::<winapi::um::shellapi::NOTIFYICONDATAA>() as u32, //prep
    hWnd: hWnd(), //links the console window
    uID: 1001, //it's a number
    uCallbackMessage: WM_MYMESSAGE, //whoknows should be related to click capture but doesn't so
    //Couldn't find anything for WM_MYMESSAGE at all
    hIcon: winapi::um::winuser::LoadIconA(winapi::shared::ntdef::NULL, winapi::um::winuser::IDI_APPLICATION), //icon idk
    szTip: trayToolTip, //tooltip for the icon
    uFlags: winapi::um::shellapi::NIF_MESSAGE | winapi::um::shellapi::NIF_ICON | winapi::um::shellapi::NIF_TIP, //who knows
};
let nidszTipLength: u64 = szTip.chars().count(); //gets the size of nid.szTip (tooltip length)

winapi::um::shellapi::Shell_NotifyIconA(winapi::um::shellapi::NIM_ADD, &nid); //shows the icon
let _ = Command::new("cmd.exe").arg("/c").arg("pause").status();

nid.szTip: "An updated tooltip is now here!"; //tooltip for the icon
//abs total guess hoping some Python . stuff that I see sometimes in Rust works here and maybe it gets a : instead of a = too
winapi::um::shellapi::Shell_NotifyIconA(winapi::um::shellapi::NIM_MODIFY, &nid); //updates system tray icon

let _ = Command::new("cmd.exe").arg("/c").arg("pause").status();

winapi::um::shellapi::Shell_NotifyIconA(winapi::um::shellapi::NIM_DELETE, &nid); //deletes system tray icon when done

let _ = Command::new("cmd.exe").arg("/c").arg("pause").status();

}

Cargo.toml 需要这个：

[target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies]
winapi = { version = "*", features = ["wincon","shellapi","ntdef"] }

这里是我试图模仿的 C 代码功能（不确定需要哪些库，所以我将其中的大部分放入其中）：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0500 //must be before windows.h for mystical reasons such as widnows.h overwrites it with not right thing
#include <windows.h>
#include <shellapi.h> // make some system tray stuff go on
#define WM_MYMESSAGE (WM_USER + 1) //for that tray icon

int main()
{
    HWND hWnd = GetConsoleWindow(); // from  via Anthropos

    NOTIFYICONDATA nid; //thing that has info on window and system tray stuff in it
        nid.cbSize = sizeof(NOTIFYICONDATA); //prep
        nid.hWnd = hWnd; //links the console window
        nid.uID = 1001; //it's a number
        nid.uCallbackMessage = WM_MYMESSAGE; //whoknows should be related to click capture but doesn't so
        nid.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); //icon idk
        strcpy(nid.szTip, "Tool tip words here"); //tooltip for the icon
        nid.szTip[19] = '[=13=]'; //null at the end of it
        nid.uFlags = NIF_MESSAGE | NIF_ICON | NIF_TIP; //who knows
        size_t nidszTipLength = sizeof(nid.szTip) / sizeof(nid.szTip[0]); //gets the size of nid.szTip (tooltip length)

    Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_ADD, &nid); //shows the icon

    system("pause");

    strcpy(nid.szTip, "An updated tooltip is now here!"); //tooltip for the icon
    Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_MODIFY, &nid); //updates system tray icon
    nid.szTip[31] = '[=13=]'; //null at the end of it

    system("pause");

    Shell_NotifyIcon(NIM_DELETE, &nid); //deletes system tray icon when done

    system("pause");

    return 0;
}

Answer 1

我独自出击，前往 Rust https://github.com/retep998/winapi-rs/issues/725 中 winapi 的源代码，并获得了足够的帮助，成功地解决了这个问题。代码现在 语法有效 作为一个奇妙的奖励！

需要进行一些升级，主要是：

将字符串转换为 UTF-16 格式，以便 OS 读取
将UTF-16写入一个128长的uint16向量数组
在 unsafe{ } 之外创建 nid 以便它可以在其他地方使用
切换到 W 系列的 winapi 调用而不是 A 系列（不确定 A 系列以外的区别想要奇怪的东西，比如 int8 而不是 uint16 在 LoadIcon[letter])

工作代码如下：

//-----Import Libraries (called crates)-----
extern crate winapi;
//-----Import Built-in Libraries (not called crates)-----
use std::process::Command; //use cmd.exe
use std::mem::{size_of, zeroed}; //get size of stuff and init with zeros
use std::ptr::null_mut; //use a null pointer (I think)
use std::ffi::OsStr;
use std::os::windows::ffi::OsStrExt;

fn main()
{
// to navigate calling with the winapi "crate" use the search function at link
// https://docs.rs/winapi/*/x86_64-pc-windows-msvc/winapi/um/wincon/fn.GetConsoleWindow.html
let hWnd = unsafe { winapi::um::wincon::GetConsoleWindow }; //gets the current console window handle

//System Tray Icon support - here it is
let WM_MYMESSAGE = winapi::um::winuser::WM_APP + 100; //prep WM_MYMESSAGE
let mut trayToolTip = "Tool tip words here".to_string(); //record tooltip words for the icon
let mut trayToolTipInt: [u16; 128] = [0; 128]; //fill with 0's
let trayToolTipStrStep: &str = &*trayToolTip; //these two types of strings
let mut trayToolTipStepOS = OsStr::new(trayToolTipStrStep); //convert to OS string format or something
let mut trayToolTipStepUTF16 = trayToolTipStepOS.encode_wide().collect::<Vec<u16>>(); //now actually convert to UTF16 format for the OS
trayToolTipInt[..trayToolTipStepUTF16.len()].copy_from_slice(&trayToolTipStepUTF16); //record it in that nice integer holder

let mut nid: winapi::um::shellapi::NOTIFYICONDATAW = unsafe{ zeroed() }; //thing that has info on window and system tray stuff in it 
unsafe
{
    nid.cbSize = size_of::<winapi::um::shellapi::NOTIFYICONDATAW>() as u32; //prep
    nid.hWnd = hWnd(); //links the console window
    nid.uID = 1001; //it's a number
    nid.uCallbackMessage = WM_MYMESSAGE; //whoknows should be related to click capture but doesn't so
    nid.hIcon = winapi::um::winuser::LoadIconW(null_mut(), winapi::um::winuser::IDI_APPLICATION); //icon idk
    nid.szTip = trayToolTipInt; //tooltip for the icon
    nid.uFlags = winapi::um::shellapi::NIF_MESSAGE | winapi::um::shellapi::NIF_ICON | winapi::um::shellapi::NIF_TIP; //who knows
};

//let mut nidszTipLength = trayToolTip.chars().count() as u64; //gets the size of nid.szTip (tooltip length) indirectly (not the right size!)
let mut nidszTipLength = trayToolTipStepUTF16.len() as u64; //gets the size of nid.szTip (tooltip length) for the UTF-16 format, which is what Windows cares about

unsafe{ winapi::um::shellapi::Shell_NotifyIconW(winapi::um::shellapi::NIM_ADD, &mut nid) }; //shows the icon
let _ = Command::new("cmd.exe").arg("/c").arg("pause").status();

trayToolTip = "An updated tooltip is now here!".to_string(); //update the tooltip string
trayToolTipInt = [0; 128]; //fill with 0's (clear it out I hope)
let trayToolTipStrStep: &str = &*trayToolTip; //these two types of strings are hella annoying
trayToolTipStepOS = OsStr::new(trayToolTipStrStep); //convert to OS string format or something
trayToolTipStepUTF16 = trayToolTipStepOS.encode_wide().collect::<Vec<u16>>(); //now actually convert to UTF16 format for the OS
trayToolTipInt[..trayToolTipStepUTF16.len()].copy_from_slice(&trayToolTipStepUTF16); //record it in that nice integer holder
nid.szTip = trayToolTipInt; //tooltip for the icon
//nidszTipLength = trayToolTip.chars().count() as u64; //gets the size of nid.szTip (tooltip length) indirectly (not the right size!)
nidszTipLength = trayToolTipStepUTF16.len() as u64; //gets the size of nid.szTip (tooltip length) for the UTF-16 format, which is what Windows cares about
unsafe{ winapi::um::shellapi::Shell_NotifyIconW(winapi::um::shellapi::NIM_MODIFY, &mut nid) }; //updates system tray icon

let _ = Command::new("cmd.exe").arg("/c").arg("pause").status();

unsafe{ winapi::um::shellapi::Shell_NotifyIconW(winapi::um::shellapi::NIM_DELETE, &mut nid) }; //deletes system tray icon when done

let _ = Command::new("cmd.exe").arg("/c").arg("pause").status();

}

并且不要忘记在您的 Cargo.toml 中包含以下内容！

[target.'cfg(windows)'.dependencies]
winapi = { version = "*", features = ["winuser","wincon","shellapi"] }

如何使用 winapi crate 为 Windows 制作托盘图标？

How to make a tray icon for Windows using the winapi crate?

winapi

trayicon

rust