在 Golang 包中编译 CGO 文件

Question

我正在尝试使用 CGO 将 C 文件与 Golang 包捆绑在一起。按照此处的说明操作：

https://karthikkaranth.me/blog/calling-c-code-from-go/

http://akrennmair.github.io/golang-cgo-slides/#1

我收到这个错误：

# main 
src/main/main.go:16:8: could not determine kind of name for C.free 
src/main/main.go:23:10: could not determine kind of name for C.greet

结构如下：

main.go 看起来像：

package main

// #cgo CFLAGS: -g -Wall
// #include <stdlib.h>
// #include "genericc/greeter.h"

import "C"

import (
    "fmt"
    "unsafe"
)

func main() {
    name := C.CString("Gopher")
    defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(name))

    year := C.int(2018)

    ptr := C.malloc(C.sizeof_char * 1024)
    defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(ptr))

    size := C.greet(name, year, (*C.char)(ptr))

    b := C.GoBytes(ptr, size)
    fmt.Println(string(b))
}

我运行 test.sh 构建它：

#!/usr/bin/env bash

dir="$(cd `dirname "[=12=]"` && pwd)"
export GOPATH="$dir"

cd "$dir"

export CGOFILES=main
go install main

但是当我运行 bash 脚本时，我得到了那个错误。

Answer 1

我按照说明操作：

Command cgo

If the import of "C" is immediately preceded by a comment, that comment, called the preamble, is used as a header when compiling the C parts of the package. For example:
// #include <stdio.h>
// #include <errno.h>
import "C"
or
/*
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
*/
import "C"

例如，

gocbuf.go:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "unsafe"
)

/*
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int printData(unsigned char *data) {
    return printf("cData: %lu \"%s\"\n", (long unsigned int)strlen(data), data);
}
*/
import "C"

func main() {
    // Allocate C data buffer.
    width, height := 8, 2
    lenData := width * height
    // add string terminating null byte
    cData := (*C.uchar)(C.calloc(C.size_t(lenData+1), C.sizeof_uchar))

    // When no longer in use, free C allocations.
    defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cData))

    // Go slice reference to C data buffer,
    // minus string terminating null byte
    gData := (*[1 << 30]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(cData))[:lenData:lenData]

    // Write and read cData via gData.
    for i := range gData {
        gData[i] = '.'
    }
    copy(gData[0:], "Data")
    gData[len(gData)-1] = 'X'
    fmt.Printf("gData: %d %q\n", len(gData), gData)
    C.printData(cData)
}

输出：

$ go run gocbuf.go
gData: 16 "Data...........X"
cData: 16 "Data...........X"
$

你的代码组织对我来说毫无意义。

您应该有包 greeter，它通过 cgo 包装了 C 函数。例如，

src
└── greeter
    ├── greeter.c
    ├── greeter.go
    └── greeter.h

有框架文件

greeter.go:

package greeter

/*
#include "greeter.h"
*/
import "C"

greeter.c:

#include "greeter.h"

greeter.h

/* C header file */

要安装 greeter 包，只需使用 go install。

不要使用相对路径。不要使用 bash 脚本。

Answer 2

感谢@peterSO，这是有效的：

package main

// #cgo CFLAGS: -g -Wall
// #include <stdlib.h>
// #include "../genericc/greeter.h"
// #include "../genericc/greeter.c"    // ! no whitespace after this line
import "C"

import (
    "fmt"
    "unsafe"
)

func main() {
    name := C.CString("Gopher")
    defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(name))

    year := C.int(2018)

    ptr := C.malloc(C.sizeof_char * 1024)
    defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(ptr))

    size := C.greet(name, year, (*C.char)(ptr))

    b := C.GoBytes(ptr, size)
    fmt.Println(string(b))
}

在 Golang 包中编译 CGO 文件

Compiling CGO files in Golang package

go

cgo

goinstall