如何从连接的控制台执行命令

Question

我正在编写一个 WinAPI GUI 程序，需要调用 ftp 和可能的其他控制台程序，同时让它们的控制台输出相应地执行 ie .在读取所有输出之前等待 ftp 完成执行是不行的。

我目前的方法是调用 CreateProcess() 创建一个 cmd.exe 进程，可能会隐藏丑陋的控制台 window、AttachConsole()让它成为我自己的，GetStdHandle() 获取输入和输出句柄，SetConsoleCursorPosition() 到 控制台缓冲区的末尾 ，以及 WriteConsole() 使用这样的命令如 ftp\n 或 dir\n。然而，此命令已编写但未执行。但是，我可以手动使用相同的控制台（使用 CreateProcess() 和 CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE 标志）键入 ftp 按回车键并执行它。

以前涉及的方法：

直接用 CreateProcess() 调用 ftp 并重定向 inputs/outputs。

Couldn't get ftp output until the CreateProcess() process had already ended.
使用system()。

Was advised against its usage before getting any output.

我当前的精简代码：

// Next two structures might be a bit misleading, they were used for the 1. previous
// approach
PROCESS_INFORMATION piProcInfo;
ZeroMemory( &piProcInfo, sizeof(PROCESS_INFORMATION)); 
STARTUPINFO siStartInfo;
ZeroMemory( &siStartInfo, sizeof(STARTUPINFO) );
siStartInfo.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO); 
siStartInfo.hStdError = g_hChildStd_OUT_Wr;
siStartInfo.hStdOutput = g_hChildStd_OUT_Wr;
siStartInfo.hStdInput = g_hChildStd_IN_Rd;
siStartInfo.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES security;
security.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES); 
security.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL;
security.bInheritHandle = FALSE;
CreateProcess( NULL, "cmd", &security, &security, FALSE, NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS |
 CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE, NULL, NULL, &siStartInfo, &piProcInfo); 
uint32_t pidConsole = piProcInfo.dwProcessId;
while ( ! AttachConsole(pidConsole) ){};
HANDLE myConsoleIn, myConsoleOut;
myConsoleIn = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
myConsoleOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
Sleep(100);
CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO myConsoleCursorInformation = {};
GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(myConsoleOut,&myConsoleCursorInformation);
SetConsoleCursorPosition(myConsoleOut,myConsoleCursorInformation.dwSize);
CHAR myConsoleBuffer[200]="dir\n";
DWORD myConsoleProcessed;
WriteConsole( myConsoleOut, myConsoleBuffer, 4, &myConsoleProcessed, NULL);

我怎样才能让写在控制台中的命令执行？ 除了我尝试以尾随 \n [=39= 结束命令之外，还有其他方法吗？ ]IE。使用 WriteConsole() 和 dir\n 或 ftp\n 参数。

我考虑过在键入所需命令后向相关进程发送按键。而创建的控制台不仅需要手动回车，还需要手动输入dir、ftp之类的命令.

请随时指出任何遗漏的信息！

Answer 1

How can I get a command written in the console to execute? Is there an alternative to my attempt of ending commands with a trailing \n ie. using WriteConsole() with a dir\n or ftp\n argument.

试试下面的代码看看是否有效：

STARTUPINFO si;
PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;

ZeroMemory(&si, sizeof(si));
si.cb = sizeof(si);
ZeroMemory(&pi, sizeof(pi));

const wchar_t *cmdPath = L"C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe";
wchar_t *cmdArgs = (wchar_t *)L"C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe /k dir";

BOOL result = CreateProcess(cmdPath, cmdArgs, NULL, NULL, FALSE, 0, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi);
DWORD errCode = GetLastError();
if (!result)
{
    std::cout << "Create Process failed: " << GetLastError() << std::endl;
}

/K Run Command and then return to the CMD prompt. This is useful for testing, to examine variables

如果需要，请使用 /C "Run Command and then terminate"。

更新： 使用管道与子进程（cmd.exe）通信的完整代码。

HANDLE g_hChildStd_IN_Rd = NULL;
HANDLE g_hChildStd_IN_Wr = NULL;
HANDLE g_hChildStd_OUT_Rd = NULL;
HANDLE g_hChildStd_OUT_Wr = NULL;

#define BUFSIZE 1024

void ErrorExit(LPCTSTR lpszFunction)
{
    LPVOID lpMsgBuf;
    LPVOID lpDisplayBuf;
    DWORD dw = GetLastError();

    FormatMessage(
        FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER |
        FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
        FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
        NULL,
        dw,
        MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
        (LPTSTR)&lpMsgBuf,
        0, NULL);

    lpDisplayBuf = (LPVOID)LocalAlloc(LMEM_ZEROINIT,
        (lstrlen((LPCTSTR)lpMsgBuf) + lstrlen((LPCTSTR)lpszFunction) + 40) * sizeof(TCHAR));
    StringCchPrintf((LPTSTR)lpDisplayBuf,
        LocalSize(lpDisplayBuf) / sizeof(TCHAR),
        TEXT("%s failed with error %d: %s"),
        lpszFunction, dw, lpMsgBuf);
    MessageBox(NULL, (LPCTSTR)lpDisplayBuf, TEXT("Error"), MB_OK);

    LocalFree(lpMsgBuf);
    LocalFree(lpDisplayBuf);
    ExitProcess(1);
}

void ReadFromPipe(void)
{
    DWORD dwRead, dwWritten;
    CHAR chBuf[BUFSIZE];
    BOOL bSuccess = FALSE;
    HANDLE hParentStdOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);

    for (;;)
    {
        DWORD bytesAvail = 0;
        if (!PeekNamedPipe(g_hChildStd_OUT_Rd, NULL, 0, NULL, &bytesAvail, NULL)) {
            std::cout << "Failed to call PeekNamedPipe" << std::endl;
        }
        if (bytesAvail) {
            DWORD n;
            BOOL success = ReadFile(g_hChildStd_OUT_Rd, chBuf, BUFSIZE, &n, NULL);
            if (!success || n == 0) {
            }
            bSuccess = WriteFile(hParentStdOut, chBuf,n, &dwWritten, NULL);
        }
        else
        {
            break;
        }
    }

}

void WriteToPipe(void)
{
    DWORD dwWritten;
    BOOL bSuccess = FALSE;
    CHAR buf[] = "dir\n";

    bSuccess = WriteFile(g_hChildStd_IN_Wr, buf, sizeof(buf)-1, &dwWritten, NULL);
}

int main()
{
    STARTUPINFO si;
    PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;

    SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES saAttr;

    printf("\n->Start of parent execution.\n");

    // Set the bInheritHandle flag so pipe handles are inherited. 

    saAttr.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
    saAttr.bInheritHandle = TRUE;
    saAttr.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL;

    // Create a pipe for the child process's STDOUT. 

    if (!CreatePipe(&g_hChildStd_OUT_Rd, &g_hChildStd_OUT_Wr, &saAttr, 0))
        ErrorExit(TEXT("StdoutRd CreatePipe"));

    // Ensure the read handle to the pipe for STDOUT is not inherited.

    if (!SetHandleInformation(g_hChildStd_OUT_Rd, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0))
        ErrorExit(TEXT("Stdout SetHandleInformation"));

    // Create a pipe for the child process's STDIN. 

    if (!CreatePipe(&g_hChildStd_IN_Rd, &g_hChildStd_IN_Wr, &saAttr, 0))
        ErrorExit(TEXT("Stdin CreatePipe"));

    // Ensure the write handle to the pipe for STDIN is not inherited. 

    if (!SetHandleInformation(g_hChildStd_IN_Wr, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0))
        ErrorExit(TEXT("Stdin SetHandleInformation"));

    ZeroMemory(&si, sizeof(si));
    si.cb = sizeof(si);
    ZeroMemory(&pi, sizeof(pi));


    si.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO);
    si.hStdError = g_hChildStd_OUT_Wr;
    si.hStdOutput = g_hChildStd_OUT_Wr;
    si.hStdInput = g_hChildStd_IN_Rd;
    si.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;

    TCHAR cmdPath[] = TEXT("C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe");

    BOOL result = CreateProcess(cmdPath, NULL, NULL, NULL, TRUE, 0, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi);
    DWORD errCode = GetLastError();
    if (!result)
    {
        std::cout << "Create Process failed: " << GetLastError() << std::endl;
    }

    for (;;)
    {
        ReadFromPipe();

        WriteToPipe();
    }
}

如何从连接的控制台执行命令

How to execute commands from an attached console

c++

winapi

windows-console

c++17