Spring：为什么在单元测试中加载应用程序上下文时需要添加javax.el-api依赖？
Spring: Why do I need to add a javax.el-api dependency when loading the application context in a unit test?
我使用 spring-mvc 创建了一个简单的 Spring 5 应用程序。在我的模型对象之一中，我使用了 bean 验证 (hibernate-validator)。我添加了以下配置以使其全部正常工作：
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "nl.myprod.springcrud")
public class AppConfig {
@Bean
public MethodValidationPostProcessor methodValidationPostProcessor() {
return new MethodValidationPostProcessor();
}
}
使用 Gretty 启动我的完整应用程序时，一切都按预期进行。但是当我运行下面的测试....
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {WebConfig.class})
public class tmpTest {
@Test
public void tmp () {
}
}
...它给了我以下堆栈跟踪：
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:125)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:108)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:190)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:132)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:246)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access[=15=]0(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'methodValidationPostProcessor' defined in class path resource [nl/myprod/springcrud/config/AppConfig.class]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is javax.validation.ValidationException: HV000183: Unable to initialize 'javax.el.ExpressionFactory'. Check that you have the EL dependencies on the classpath, or use ParameterMessageInterpolator instead
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1745)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:576)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:498)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean[=15=](AbstractBeanFactory.java:320)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:318)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:204)
at org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.registerBeanPostProcessors(PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.java:228)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.registerBeanPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:707)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:531)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.java:129)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:275)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:243)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:117)
... 24 more
Caused by: javax.validation.ValidationException: HV000183: Unable to initialize 'javax.el.ExpressionFactory'. Check that you have the EL dependencies on the classpath, or use ParameterMessageInterpolator instead
at org.hibernate.validator.messageinterpolation.ResourceBundleMessageInterpolator.buildExpressionFactory(ResourceBundleMessageInterpolator.java:116)
at org.hibernate.validator.messageinterpolation.ResourceBundleMessageInterpolator.<init>(ResourceBundleMessageInterpolator.java:47)
at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ConfigurationImpl.getDefaultMessageInterpolator(ConfigurationImpl.java:474)
at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ConfigurationImpl.getDefaultMessageInterpolatorConfiguredWithClassLoader(ConfigurationImpl.java:650)
at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ConfigurationImpl.getMessageInterpolator(ConfigurationImpl.java:397)
at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ValidatorFactoryImpl.<init>(ValidatorFactoryImpl.java:183)
at org.hibernate.validator.HibernateValidator.buildValidatorFactory(HibernateValidator.java:38)
at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ConfigurationImpl.buildValidatorFactory(ConfigurationImpl.java:364)
at javax.validation.Validation.buildDefaultValidatorFactory(Validation.java:103)
at org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.MethodValidationInterceptor.<init>(MethodValidationInterceptor.java:68)
at org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.MethodValidationPostProcessor.createMethodValidationAdvice(MethodValidationPostProcessor.java:125)
at org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.MethodValidationPostProcessor.afterPropertiesSet(MethodValidationPostProcessor.java:113)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1804)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1741)
... 39 more
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/el/ELManager
at org.hibernate.validator.messageinterpolation.ResourceBundleMessageInterpolator.buildExpressionFactory(ResourceBundleMessageInterpolator.java:108)
... 52 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.el.ELManager
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:382)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:349)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
... 53 more
现在我知道我可以通过将以下依赖项添加到我的build.gradle来修复它：
compile group: 'org.glassfish', name: 'javax.el', version: '3.0.0'
我也可以通过不加载我的 ApplicationContext 来解决这个问题（在测试中注释掉 @ContextConfiguration(类 = {WebConfig.class})） .
但我不明白为什么我的代码在使用 Gretty 运行 时工作正常，但在测试中配置失败。谁能给我解释一下这是为什么？
PS: 这是我的 build.gradle:
plugins {
id 'java'
id 'org.gretty' version '2.3.1'
}
gretty {
httpPort=8081
}
group 'nl.myprod'
version '1.0-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
repositories {
mavenCentral()
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
compile group: 'org.springframework', name: 'spring-webmvc', version: '5.1.4.RELEASE'
compile group: 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core', name: 'jackson-databind', version: '2.9.7'
testCompile group: 'junit', name: 'junit', version: '4.12'
testCompile group: 'org.springframework', name: 'spring-test', version: '5.1.4.RELEASE'
testCompile group: 'org.mockito', name: 'mockito-all', version: '1.10.19'
testCompile group: 'org.hamcrest', name: 'hamcrest-all', version: '1.3'
compile group: 'javax.validation', name: 'validation-api', version: '2.0.1.Final'
compile group: 'org.hibernate.validator', name: 'hibernate-validator', version: '6.0.13.Final'
}
看起来当你至少在 Tomcat 模式下启动 Gretty 时，它包含了那些 EL 类.
的一些实现
以下文件具有 EL 个依赖项：
- https://github.com/akhikhl/gretty/blob/master/libs/gretty-runner-tomcat8/build.gradle:
compile "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-el:$tomcat8_version"
- https://github.com/akhikhl/gretty/blob/master/libs/gretty-runner-tomcat7/build.gradle:
compile "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-el:$tomcat7_version"
我使用 spring-mvc 创建了一个简单的 Spring 5 应用程序。在我的模型对象之一中，我使用了 bean 验证 (hibernate-validator)。我添加了以下配置以使其全部正常工作：
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "nl.myprod.springcrud")
public class AppConfig {
@Bean
public MethodValidationPostProcessor methodValidationPostProcessor() {
return new MethodValidationPostProcessor();
}
}
使用 Gretty 启动我的完整应用程序时，一切都按预期进行。但是当我运行下面的测试....
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {WebConfig.class})
public class tmpTest {
@Test
public void tmp () {
}
}
...它给了我以下堆栈跟踪：
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:125)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:108)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:190)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:132)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:246)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access[=15=]0(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'methodValidationPostProcessor' defined in class path resource [nl/myprod/springcrud/config/AppConfig.class]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is javax.validation.ValidationException: HV000183: Unable to initialize 'javax.el.ExpressionFactory'. Check that you have the EL dependencies on the classpath, or use ParameterMessageInterpolator instead
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1745)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:576)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:498)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean[=15=](AbstractBeanFactory.java:320)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:318)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:204)
at org.springframework.context.support.PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.registerBeanPostProcessors(PostProcessorRegistrationDelegate.java:228)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.registerBeanPostProcessors(AbstractApplicationContext.java:707)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:531)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.java:129)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:275)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:243)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:117)
... 24 more
Caused by: javax.validation.ValidationException: HV000183: Unable to initialize 'javax.el.ExpressionFactory'. Check that you have the EL dependencies on the classpath, or use ParameterMessageInterpolator instead
at org.hibernate.validator.messageinterpolation.ResourceBundleMessageInterpolator.buildExpressionFactory(ResourceBundleMessageInterpolator.java:116)
at org.hibernate.validator.messageinterpolation.ResourceBundleMessageInterpolator.<init>(ResourceBundleMessageInterpolator.java:47)
at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ConfigurationImpl.getDefaultMessageInterpolator(ConfigurationImpl.java:474)
at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ConfigurationImpl.getDefaultMessageInterpolatorConfiguredWithClassLoader(ConfigurationImpl.java:650)
at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ConfigurationImpl.getMessageInterpolator(ConfigurationImpl.java:397)
at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ValidatorFactoryImpl.<init>(ValidatorFactoryImpl.java:183)
at org.hibernate.validator.HibernateValidator.buildValidatorFactory(HibernateValidator.java:38)
at org.hibernate.validator.internal.engine.ConfigurationImpl.buildValidatorFactory(ConfigurationImpl.java:364)
at javax.validation.Validation.buildDefaultValidatorFactory(Validation.java:103)
at org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.MethodValidationInterceptor.<init>(MethodValidationInterceptor.java:68)
at org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.MethodValidationPostProcessor.createMethodValidationAdvice(MethodValidationPostProcessor.java:125)
at org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.MethodValidationPostProcessor.afterPropertiesSet(MethodValidationPostProcessor.java:113)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1804)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1741)
... 39 more
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/el/ELManager
at org.hibernate.validator.messageinterpolation.ResourceBundleMessageInterpolator.buildExpressionFactory(ResourceBundleMessageInterpolator.java:108)
... 52 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.el.ELManager
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:382)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:349)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
... 53 more
现在我知道我可以通过将以下依赖项添加到我的build.gradle来修复它：
compile group: 'org.glassfish', name: 'javax.el', version: '3.0.0'
我也可以通过不加载我的 ApplicationContext 来解决这个问题（在测试中注释掉 @ContextConfiguration(类 = {WebConfig.class})） .
但我不明白为什么我的代码在使用 Gretty 运行 时工作正常，但在测试中配置失败。谁能给我解释一下这是为什么？
PS: 这是我的 build.gradle:
plugins {
id 'java'
id 'org.gretty' version '2.3.1'
}
gretty {
httpPort=8081
}
group 'nl.myprod'
version '1.0-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
repositories {
mavenCentral()
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
compile group: 'org.springframework', name: 'spring-webmvc', version: '5.1.4.RELEASE'
compile group: 'com.fasterxml.jackson.core', name: 'jackson-databind', version: '2.9.7'
testCompile group: 'junit', name: 'junit', version: '4.12'
testCompile group: 'org.springframework', name: 'spring-test', version: '5.1.4.RELEASE'
testCompile group: 'org.mockito', name: 'mockito-all', version: '1.10.19'
testCompile group: 'org.hamcrest', name: 'hamcrest-all', version: '1.3'
compile group: 'javax.validation', name: 'validation-api', version: '2.0.1.Final'
compile group: 'org.hibernate.validator', name: 'hibernate-validator', version: '6.0.13.Final'
}
看起来当你至少在 Tomcat 模式下启动 Gretty 时，它包含了那些 EL 类.
以下文件具有 EL 个依赖项：
- https://github.com/akhikhl/gretty/blob/master/libs/gretty-runner-tomcat8/build.gradle:
compile "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-el:$tomcat8_version" - https://github.com/akhikhl/gretty/blob/master/libs/gretty-runner-tomcat7/build.gradle:
compile "org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-el:$tomcat7_version"