为什么pylint在函数外部需要大写变量名?

Why does pylint require capitalized variable names when outside a function?

为什么pylint在函数外部接受大写变量而在函数内部拒绝它们?相反,为什么 pylint 拒绝函数外的 camelCase 并在函数内部接受它?

我刚刚安装了pylint(版本2.2.2)来检查我的Python 3.一定有什么我遗漏的。我的相关 Python/package 版本是:

pylint 2.2.2
astroid 2.1.0
Python 3.6.7 | packaged by conda-forge | (default, Nov 20 2018, 18:20:05)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 9.0.0 (clang-900.0.37)]

考虑以下代码 (test_1),我在其中使用驼峰命名法和大写字母命名变量。 Capitalized 变量被接受(为什么?)并且 camelCase 被拒绝(因为代码没有包装到函数中,我猜)。

'''
Nothing important
'''

fileHandler = open("afile.txt")

for line in fileHandler:
    Token = line.split("\t")
    Part_1 = Token[0]
    print(Part_1)

调用pylint时给出:

$ pylint --py3k --enable=all  test_1.py 
************* Module test_1
test_1.py:5:0: C0103: Constant name "fileHandler" doesn't conform to UPPER_CASE naming style (invalid-name)

------------------------------------------------------------------
Your code has been rated at 8.00/10 (previous run: 8.00/10, +0.00)

现在,如果我将所有内容都放入一个函数中 (test_2)。

'''
Nothing important
'''

def foo():
    fileHandler = open("afile.txt")

    for line in fileHandler:
        Token = line.split("\t")
        Part_1 = Token[0]
        print(Part_1)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    foo()

然后大写变量被检测为不合规(这是我所期望的):

$ pylint --py3k --enable=all  test_2.py
************* Module test_2
test_2.py:5:0: C0102: Black listed name "foo" (blacklisted-name)
test_2.py:5:0: C0111: Missing function docstring (missing-docstring)
test_2.py:6:4: C0103: Variable name "fileHandler" doesn't conform to snake_case naming style (invalid-name)
test_2.py:9:8: C0103: Variable name "Token" doesn't conform to snake_case naming style (invalid-name)
test_2.py:10:8: C0103: Variable name "Part_1" doesn't conform to snake_case naming style (invalid-name)

------------------------------------------------------------------
Your code has been rated at 3.75/10 (previous run: 3.75/10, +0.00)

我有些不清楚...欢迎任何澄清...

最佳

当您将变量放入函数内时,pylint 不再 "sees" 它们作为常量。将变量放入函数 pylint "sees" 后,它们作为普通变量,不再需要将它们大写,而是需要 "snake_case." 注意,pylint 默认情况下更喜欢 snake_case 而不是 camelCase , 但您可以 .pylintrc 中的 override this 更喜欢驼峰式。

Python 脚本(无方法)

#!/usr/bin/env python3

# pylint wants 'FILEHANDLER'
fileHandler = open("afile.txt") # <-- pylint sees constant, wants UPPER_CASE 

for line in fileHandler:
    Token = line.split("\t")
    Part_1 = Token[0]
    print(Part_1)

有方法

#!/usr/bin/env python3

def run_stuff():

    # pylint wants 'file_handler'
    fileHandler = open("afile.txt") # <-- pylint sees normal variable

    for line in fileHandler:
        Token = line.split("\t")
        Part_1 = Token[0]
        print(Part_1)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    run_stuff()

通常,.pylintrc 文件会跟在 PEP8. If none is provided, it will default to PEP8 as noted on the pylint website 之后。快乐 linting!

我对在 for 循环中接受的大写变量(即以大写字母开头,例如 Token,Part_1)感到困惑(参见 test_1),而它们本应被拒绝了。我在 github 中发布了一个问题。这个问题揭示了 pylint 中的一个错误。 https://github.com/PyCQA/pylint/issues/2695