Python win32gui SetAsForegroundWindow 函数无法正常工作

Python win32gui SetAsForegroundWindow function not working properly

我正在尝试编写一个程序,通过搜索标题找到 window。一旦找到 window,它就会尝试将其置于最前面。我正在使用 win32gui API 来实现这一点。我能够让它在大多数情况下工作,但由于某种原因,如果任务管理器在前面,它就无法工作。我有以下示例代码。

import win32gui, win32con
import re, traceback
from time import sleep

class cWindow:
    def __init__(self):
        self._hwnd = None

    def BringToTop(self):
        win32gui.BringWindowToTop(self._hwnd)

    def SetAsForegroundWindow(self):
        win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(self._hwnd)

    def Maximize(self):
        win32gui.ShowWindow(self._hwnd, win32con.SW_MAXIMIZE)

    def setActWin(self):
        win32gui.SetActiveWindow(self._hwnd)

    def _window_enum_callback(self, hwnd, wildcard):
        '''Pass to win32gui.EnumWindows() to check all the opened windows'''
        if re.match(wildcard, str(win32gui.GetWindowText(hwnd))) != None:
            self._hwnd = hwnd

    def find_window_wildcard(self, wildcard):
        self._hwnd = None
        win32gui.EnumWindows(self._window_enum_callback, wildcard)


def main():
    sleep(5)
    try:      
        wildcard = ".*Building Operation WorkStation.*"
        cW = cWindow()
        cW.find_window_wildcard(wildcard)
        cW.Maximize()
        cW.BringToTop()
        cW.SetAsForegroundWindow()

    except:
        f = open("log.txt", "w")
        f.write(traceback.format_exc())
        print traceback.format_exc()
main()

我从多个在线资源中拼凑了这个。它似乎在大多数情况下都有效,但对于某些 windows 任务管理器,它有时会起作用,但其余部分会失败。当它不能正常工作时,我只注意到应用程序图标呈黄色闪烁。是否有正确的方法来确保我感兴趣的 window 100% 地设置为前景?我不确定这是否相关,但我使用的是带有 Service Pack 1 的 Windows 7 Professional(32 位)。

我找到了一个解决方案:如果是 taskmanager,则将其杀死。我在 cWindow:

添加了一个方法
def kill_task_manager(self):
    # Here I use your method to find a window because of an accent in my french OS,
    # but you should use win32gui.FindWindow(None, 'Task Manager complete name').
    wildcard = 'Gestionnaire des t.+ches de Windows'
    self.find_window_wildcard(wildcard)
    if self._hwnd:
        win32gui.PostMessage(self._hwnd, win32con.WM_CLOSE, 0, 0)  # kill it
        sleep(0.5)  # important to let time for the window to be closed

cW = cWindow() 之后立即调用此方法。

另一个错误陷阱是在 SetAsForegroundWindow:

中防止这个异常
error: (0, 'SetForegroundWindow', 'No error message is available')

只需在调用 win32gui 之前发送一个 alt 键:

# Add this import
import win32com.client

# Add this to __ini__
self.shell = win32com.client.Dispatch("WScript.Shell")

# And SetAsForegroundWindow becomes
def SetAsForegroundWindow(self):
    self.shell.SendKeys('%')
    win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(self._hwnd)

最后,如果可以的话,不要比较 != None 而要比较 is not None。更多 pythonic ;)

这是完整代码:

# coding: utf-8

import re, traceback
import win32gui, win32con, win32com.client
from time import sleep


class cWindow:
    def __init__(self):
        self._hwnd = None
        self.shell = win32com.client.Dispatch("WScript.Shell")

    def BringToTop(self):
        win32gui.BringWindowToTop(self._hwnd)

    def SetAsForegroundWindow(self):
        self.shell.SendKeys('%')
        win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(self._hwnd)

    def Maximize(self):
        win32gui.ShowWindow(self._hwnd, win32con.SW_MAXIMIZE)

    def setActWin(self):
        win32gui.SetActiveWindow(self._hwnd)

    def _window_enum_callback(self, hwnd, wildcard):
        '''Pass to win32gui.EnumWindows() to check all the opened windows'''
        if re.match(wildcard, str(win32gui.GetWindowText(hwnd))) is not None:
            self._hwnd = hwnd

    def find_window_wildcard(self, wildcard):
        self._hwnd = None
        win32gui.EnumWindows(self._window_enum_callback, wildcard)

    def kill_task_manager(self):
        wildcard = 'Gestionnaire des t.+ches de Windows'
        self.find_window_wildcard(wildcard)
        if self._hwnd:
            win32gui.PostMessage(self._hwnd, win32con.WM_CLOSE, 0, 0)
            sleep(0.5)

def main():
    sleep(5)
    try:
        wildcard = ".*Building Operation WorkStation.*"
        cW = cWindow()
        cW.kill_task_manager()
        cW.find_window_wildcard(wildcard)
        cW.BringToTop()
        cW.Maximize()
        cW.SetAsForegroundWindow()

    except:
        f = open("log.txt", "w")
        f.write(traceback.format_exc())
        print(traceback.format_exc())


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

来源:how do I close window with handle using win32gui in Python and win32gui.SetActiveWindow() ERROR : The specified procedure could not be found.

注意:以下 仅涉及确保在激活 window 之前隐藏始终在最前面的 windows,例如任务管理器 -它假设激活部分本身工作正常,但事实可能并非如此。允许进程调用 SetForegroundWindow Windows API 函数的条件列在 here.


任务管理器有两个特别之处:

  • 默认设置为始终显示在最前面,即显示在所有其他windows.
  • 之上
  • 即使关闭它(Options > Always on Top 未选中),您仍然可以使其显示在other always-on-top windows(普通windows貌似做不到的)

您的代码:

  • 在我的测试中工作-从某种意义上说目标window确实成为活动window。
  • 不是,因为任务管理器window 仍然位于(最大化的)window 之上。
    • 即使试图让你的window 永远在线window也无济于事,不幸的是。

专门检查是否存在任务管理器 window 并将其最小化是一个选项,但请注意,可能 other 始终在顶部 windows,因此为了获得稳健的解决方案,您必须确定所有始终在顶部打开windows并将它们最小化

以下努力识别除任务栏和“开始”按钮之外的所有始终在最前面的 windows,并且最小化(有效隐藏)任何此类 windows.

新方法是 hide_always_on_top_windows_window_enum_callback_hide

import win32gui, win32con
import re, traceback
from time import sleep

class cWindow:
    def __init__(self):
        self._hwnd = None

    def SetAsForegroundWindow(self):
        # First, make sure all (other) always-on-top windows are hidden.
        self.hide_always_on_top_windows() 
        win32gui.SetForegroundWindow(self._hwnd)

    def Maximize(self):
        win32gui.ShowWindow(self._hwnd, win32con.SW_MAXIMIZE)

    def _window_enum_callback(self, hwnd, regex):
        '''Pass to win32gui.EnumWindows() to check all open windows'''
        if self._hwnd is None and re.match(regex, str(win32gui.GetWindowText(hwnd))) is not None:
            self._hwnd = hwnd

    def find_window_regex(self, regex):
        self._hwnd = None
        win32gui.EnumWindows(self._window_enum_callback, regex)

    def hide_always_on_top_windows(self):
        win32gui.EnumWindows(self._window_enum_callback_hide, None)

    def _window_enum_callback_hide(self, hwnd, unused):
        if hwnd != self._hwnd: # ignore self
            # Is the window visible and marked as an always-on-top (topmost) window?
            if win32gui.IsWindowVisible(hwnd) and win32gui.GetWindowLong(hwnd, win32con.GWL_EXSTYLE) & win32con.WS_EX_TOPMOST:
                # Ignore windows of class 'Button' (the Start button overlay) and
                # 'Shell_TrayWnd' (the Task Bar).
                className = win32gui.GetClassName(hwnd)
                if not (className == 'Button' or className == 'Shell_TrayWnd'):
                    # Force-minimize the window.
                    # Fortunately, this seems to work even with windows that
                    # have no Minimize button.
                    # Note that if we tried to hide the window with SW_HIDE,
                    # it would disappear from the Task Bar as well.
                    win32gui.ShowWindow(hwnd, win32con.SW_FORCEMINIMIZE)

def main():
    sleep(5)
    try:      
        regex = ".*Building Operation WorkStation.*"
        cW = cWindow()
        cW.find_window_regex(regex)
        cW.Maximize()
        cW.SetAsForegroundWindow()

    except:
        f = open("log.txt", "w")
        f.write(traceback.format_exc())
        print(traceback.format_exc())
main()