"Error installing rails" 因为 "extconf.rb failed" 在 Ubuntu 18.04
"Error installing rails" because "extconf.rb failed" on Ubuntu 18.04
我安装失败 Rails。
背景：我的（全新）系统 = Ubuntu 18.04，Ruby 2.6.0，安装并更新了最新的 rvm 和 bundler。我安装完Ruby后做的第一件事就是做sudo apt install ruby-railties和sudo apt install rails……不知道为什么没有用gem install。在那之后，我从来没有成功执行过 rails new 但我 执行过 一次部分执行它，但它失败了，那是我开始进入兔子洞的时候。
当我输入 rails -v 我得到这个：
Traceback (most recent call last):
4: from /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:24:in `<main>'
3: from /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:24:in `eval'
2: from /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/bin/rails:23:in `<main>'
1: from /usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:482:in `block in replace_bin_path'
/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:462:in `block in replace_bin_path': can't find executable rails for gem railties. railties is not currently included in the bundle, perhaps you meant to add it to your Gemfile? (Gem::Exception)
当我尝试执行 gem install rails 时，我得到这个：
Successfully installed concurrent-ruby-1.1.4
HEADS UP! i18n 1.1 changed fallbacks to exclude default locale.
But that may break your application.
Please check your Rails app for 'config.i18n.fallbacks = true'.
If you're using I18n (>= 1.1.0) and Rails (< 5.2.2), this should be
'config.i18n.fallbacks = [I18n.default_locale]'.
If not, fallbacks will be broken in your app by I18n 1.1.x.
For more info see:
https://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/releases/tag/v1.1.0
Successfully installed i18n-1.5.2
Successfully installed thread_safe-0.3.6
Successfully installed tzinfo-1.2.5
Successfully installed activesupport-5.2.2
Successfully installed rack-2.0.6
Successfully installed rack-test-1.1.0
Successfully installed mini_portile2-2.4.0
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing rails:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
current directory: /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.10.1/ext/nokogiri
/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/bin/ruby -I /usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0 -r ./siteconf20190116-22693-tbjpnz.rb extconf.rb
checking if the C compiler accepts ... yes
Building nokogiri using packaged libraries.
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.
Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include
--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--with-opt-lib
--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
--help
--clean
--use-system-libraries
/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:408:in `block (2 levels) in replace_gem': mini_portile2 is not part of the bundle. Add it to your Gemfile. (Gem::LoadError)
from extconf.rb:469:in `<main>'
To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:
/home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.6.0/nokogiri-1.10.1/mkmf.log
extconf failed, exit code 1
Gem files will remain installed in /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.10.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.6.0/nokogiri-1.10.1/gem_make.out
我在这里和其他地方查看了 installation instructions 和许多类似的问题，并尝试了很多东西，但似乎没有任何效果。
我尝试 gem install nokogiri 时收到类似的错误消息。
求助！
更新：这是 mkmf.log 文件：
"gcc -o conftest -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0/x86_64-linux -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0 -I. -O3 -ggdb3 -Wall -Wextra -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wdeprecated-declarations -Wduplicated-cond -Wimplicit-function-declaration -Wimplicit-int -Wmisleading-indentation -Wpointer-arith -Wrestrict -Wwrite-strings -Wimplicit-fallthrough=0 -Wmissing-noreturn -Wno-cast-function-type -Wno-constant-logical-operand -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-overlength-strings -Wno-packed-bitfield-compat -Wno-parentheses-equality -Wno-self-assign -Wno-tautological-compare -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-unused-value -Wsuggest-attribute=format -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn -Wunused-variable -fPIC conftest.c -L. -L/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib -Wl,-rpath,/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib -L. -fstack-protector-strong -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic -Wl,-rpath,/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib -L/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib -lruby -lm -lc "
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: int main(int argc, char **argv)
4: {
5: return 0;
6: }
/* end */
"gcc -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0/x86_64-linux -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0 -I. -O3 -ggdb3 -Wall -Wextra -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wdeprecated-declarations -Wduplicated-cond -Wimplicit-function-declaration -Wimplicit-int -Wmisleading-indentation -Wpointer-arith -Wrestrict -Wwrite-strings -Wimplicit-fallthrough=0 -Wmissing-noreturn -Wno-cast-function-type -Wno-constant-logical-operand -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-overlength-strings -Wno-packed-bitfield-compat -Wno-parentheses-equality -Wno-self-assign -Wno-tautological-compare -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-unused-value -Wsuggest-attribute=format -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn -Wunused-variable -fPIC -Werror -c conftest.c"
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: int main() {return 0;}
/* end */
更新 2：听取 Javier 的建议，我查看了安装 Nokogiri 的文档并找到了有效的命令 gem install nokogiri -- --use-system-libraries。然后我对 rails 和 railties 做了同样的事情。
现在，当我尝试 运行 rails new:
时收到不同的错误消息
Traceback (most recent call last):
2: from /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/bin/rails:23:in `<main>'
1: from /usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:482:in `block in replace_bin_path'
/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:462:in `block in replace_bin_path': can't find executable rails for gem railties. railties is not currently included in the bundle, perhaps you meant to add it to your Gemfile? (Gem::Exception)
O
更新 3：
我接受了 Javier 的回答。我一直在进行全新安装（尝试），所以我是否完全重新开始并不重要。我不知道是什么最终搞砸了我的系统（可能是因为我从另一个系统复制了一个旧的 .bashrc 文件而没有先删除 rvm 行？），但完全卸载了所有 Ruby，Rails、其他 gem 和 rvm，重新安装应该可以解决问题。
更新最后一个：
完全卸载 Ruby、Rails 花了很多时间，尤其是 RVM。我没有意识到 Bash 配置文件脚本有多么重要，或者关于 RVM 的行需要从中彻底删除，或者 RVM 设置的某些环境变量的状态有多么重要。我认为我在安装 Rails 时遇到问题的主要原因仅仅是因为我从旧的 bash 配置文件中复制了 RVM 设置。我应该删除它们。
现在一切正常。
这里是安装 nokogiri 的文档 https://nokogiri.org/tutorials/installing_nokogiri.html，有一个关于 rvm 的注释：
Note for RVM users: you may require libgmp, consider running sudo
apt-get install libgmp-dev.
使用 rvm https://rvm.io/rubies/removing
删除 ruby
rvm remove 2.6.0
安装
Ruby
rvm install 2.6.0
Rails
gem install rails
对于现有项目
bundle install
我安装失败 Rails。
背景：我的（全新）系统 = Ubuntu 18.04，Ruby 2.6.0，安装并更新了最新的 rvm 和 bundler。我安装完Ruby后做的第一件事就是做sudo apt install ruby-railties和sudo apt install rails……不知道为什么没有用gem install。在那之后，我从来没有成功执行过 rails new 但我 执行过 一次部分执行它，但它失败了，那是我开始进入兔子洞的时候。
当我输入 rails -v 我得到这个：
Traceback (most recent call last):
4: from /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:24:in `<main>'
3: from /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:24:in `eval'
2: from /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/bin/rails:23:in `<main>'
1: from /usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:482:in `block in replace_bin_path'
/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:462:in `block in replace_bin_path': can't find executable rails for gem railties. railties is not currently included in the bundle, perhaps you meant to add it to your Gemfile? (Gem::Exception)
当我尝试执行 gem install rails 时，我得到这个：
Successfully installed concurrent-ruby-1.1.4
HEADS UP! i18n 1.1 changed fallbacks to exclude default locale.
But that may break your application.
Please check your Rails app for 'config.i18n.fallbacks = true'.
If you're using I18n (>= 1.1.0) and Rails (< 5.2.2), this should be
'config.i18n.fallbacks = [I18n.default_locale]'.
If not, fallbacks will be broken in your app by I18n 1.1.x.
For more info see:
https://github.com/svenfuchs/i18n/releases/tag/v1.1.0
Successfully installed i18n-1.5.2
Successfully installed thread_safe-0.3.6
Successfully installed tzinfo-1.2.5
Successfully installed activesupport-5.2.2
Successfully installed rack-2.0.6
Successfully installed rack-test-1.1.0
Successfully installed mini_portile2-2.4.0
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing rails:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
current directory: /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.10.1/ext/nokogiri
/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/bin/ruby -I /usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0 -r ./siteconf20190116-22693-tbjpnz.rb extconf.rb
checking if the C compiler accepts ... yes
Building nokogiri using packaged libraries.
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.
Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include
--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--with-opt-lib
--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
--help
--clean
--use-system-libraries
/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:408:in `block (2 levels) in replace_gem': mini_portile2 is not part of the bundle. Add it to your Gemfile. (Gem::LoadError)
from extconf.rb:469:in `<main>'
To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:
/home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.6.0/nokogiri-1.10.1/mkmf.log
extconf failed, exit code 1
Gem files will remain installed in /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/gems/nokogiri-1.10.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.6.0/nokogiri-1.10.1/gem_make.out
我在这里和其他地方查看了 installation instructions 和许多类似的问题，并尝试了很多东西，但似乎没有任何效果。
我尝试 gem install nokogiri 时收到类似的错误消息。
求助！
更新：这是 mkmf.log 文件：
"gcc -o conftest -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0/x86_64-linux -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0 -I. -O3 -ggdb3 -Wall -Wextra -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wdeprecated-declarations -Wduplicated-cond -Wimplicit-function-declaration -Wimplicit-int -Wmisleading-indentation -Wpointer-arith -Wrestrict -Wwrite-strings -Wimplicit-fallthrough=0 -Wmissing-noreturn -Wno-cast-function-type -Wno-constant-logical-operand -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-overlength-strings -Wno-packed-bitfield-compat -Wno-parentheses-equality -Wno-self-assign -Wno-tautological-compare -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-unused-value -Wsuggest-attribute=format -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn -Wunused-variable -fPIC conftest.c -L. -L/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib -Wl,-rpath,/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib -L. -fstack-protector-strong -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic -Wl,-rpath,/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib -L/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib -lruby -lm -lc "
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: int main(int argc, char **argv)
4: {
5: return 0;
6: }
/* end */
"gcc -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0/x86_64-linux -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/include/ruby-2.6.0 -I. -O3 -ggdb3 -Wall -Wextra -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wdeprecated-declarations -Wduplicated-cond -Wimplicit-function-declaration -Wimplicit-int -Wmisleading-indentation -Wpointer-arith -Wrestrict -Wwrite-strings -Wimplicit-fallthrough=0 -Wmissing-noreturn -Wno-cast-function-type -Wno-constant-logical-operand -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-overlength-strings -Wno-packed-bitfield-compat -Wno-parentheses-equality -Wno-self-assign -Wno-tautological-compare -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-unused-value -Wsuggest-attribute=format -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn -Wunused-variable -fPIC -Werror -c conftest.c"
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: int main() {return 0;}
/* end */
更新 2：听取 Javier 的建议，我查看了安装 Nokogiri 的文档并找到了有效的命令 gem install nokogiri -- --use-system-libraries。然后我对 rails 和 railties 做了同样的事情。
现在，当我尝试 运行 rails new:
Traceback (most recent call last):
2: from /home/globewalldesk/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.0/bin/rails:23:in `<main>'
1: from /usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:482:in `block in replace_bin_path'
/usr/share/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.0/lib/ruby/2.6.0/bundler/rubygems_integration.rb:462:in `block in replace_bin_path': can't find executable rails for gem railties. railties is not currently included in the bundle, perhaps you meant to add it to your Gemfile? (Gem::Exception)
O
更新 3：
我接受了 Javier 的回答。我一直在进行全新安装（尝试），所以我是否完全重新开始并不重要。我不知道是什么最终搞砸了我的系统（可能是因为我从另一个系统复制了一个旧的 .bashrc 文件而没有先删除 rvm 行？），但完全卸载了所有 Ruby，Rails、其他 gem 和 rvm，重新安装应该可以解决问题。
更新最后一个：
完全卸载 Ruby、Rails 花了很多时间，尤其是 RVM。我没有意识到 Bash 配置文件脚本有多么重要，或者关于 RVM 的行需要从中彻底删除，或者 RVM 设置的某些环境变量的状态有多么重要。我认为我在安装 Rails 时遇到问题的主要原因仅仅是因为我从旧的 bash 配置文件中复制了 RVM 设置。我应该删除它们。
现在一切正常。
这里是安装 nokogiri 的文档 https://nokogiri.org/tutorials/installing_nokogiri.html，有一个关于 rvm 的注释：
Note for RVM users: you may require libgmp, consider running sudo apt-get install libgmp-dev.
使用 rvm https://rvm.io/rubies/removing
删除 rubyrvm remove 2.6.0
安装
Ruby
rvm install 2.6.0
Rails
gem install rails
对于现有项目
bundle install