从 CLIPS 中的定义访问值

Question

我正在为处理电路的作业编写 CLIPS 程序。我已经使用 Protege 创建了我的 ontology 并从那里创建了 clp 文件并将其加载到 CLIPS 中。结果如下：

(defclass systemEntity
    (is-a USER)
    (role abstract)
    (single-slot suspect
        (type SYMBOL)
        (allowed-values yes no)
        (default no)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (single-slot out
        (type INTEGER)
        (range 0 31)
        (create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass command
    (is-a systemEntity)
    (role concrete))

(defclass component
    (is-a systemEntity)
    (role abstract))

(defclass sensor
    (is-a component)
    (role concrete)
    (single-slot theoretical
        (type INTEGER)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (single-slot out
        (type INTEGER)
        (range 0 31)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (single-slot reading
        (type INTEGER)
        (range 0 31)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (single-slot input
        (type INSTANCE)
        (allowed-classes internal-component)
        (create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass internal-component
    (is-a component)
    (role concrete)
    (single-slot short-out
        (type INTEGER)
        (range 0 0)
        (default 0)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (multislot output
        (type INSTANCE)
        (allowed-classes component)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (single-slot msb-out
        (type INTEGER)
        (range 0 15)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (single-slot input2
        (type INSTANCE)
        (allowed-classes systemEntity)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (single-slot input1
        (type INSTANCE)
        (allowed-classes systemEntity)
        (create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass adder
    (is-a internal-component)
    (role concrete))

(defclass multiplier
    (is-a internal-component)
    (role concrete))

(defclass circuit
    (is-a systemEntity)
    (role concrete)
    (multislot outputs
        (type INSTANCE)
        (allowed-classes sensor)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (multislot has-components
        (type INSTANCE)
        (allowed-classes component)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (multislot inputs
        (type INSTANCE)
        (allowed-classes command)
        (create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass data
    (is-a USER)
    (role abstract)
    (single-slot clock
        (type INTEGER)
        (range 1 ?VARIABLE)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (single-slot object
        (type INSTANCE)
        (allowed-classes systemEntity)
        (create-accessor read-write))
    (single-slot value
        (type INTEGER)
        (create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass command_data
    (is-a data)
    (role concrete)
    (single-slot object
        (type INSTANCE)
        (allowed-classes command)
        (create-accessor read-write)))

(defclass reading_data
    (is-a data)
    (role concrete)
    (single-slot object
        (type INSTANCE)
        (allowed-classes sensor)
        (create-accessor read-write)))


(definstances facts
    ([a1] of  adder

    (input1 [input_1])
    (input2 [input_1])
    (output
        [m1]
        [p1])
    (short-out 0)
    (suspect no))

([a2] of  adder

    (input1 [p1])
    (input2 [p2])
    (output [out1])
    (short-out 0)
    (suspect no))

([circuit_1] of  circuit

    (has-components
        [m1]
        [m2]
        [m3]
        [out1]
        [a1]
        [a2]
        [p1]
        [p2])
    (inputs
        [input_1]
        [input_2]
        [input_3]
        [input_4])
    (outputs [out1])
    (suspect no))

([command_1_inp1] of  command_data

    (clock 1)
    (object [input_1])
    (value 21))

([command_1_inp2] of  command_data

    (clock 1)
    (object [input_2])
    (value 28))

([command_1_inp3] of  command_data

    (clock 1)
    (object [input_3])
    (value 10))

([command_1_inp4] of  command_data

    (clock 1)
    (object [input_4])
    (value 25))

([input_1] of  command

    (suspect no))

([input_2] of  command

    (suspect no))

([input_3] of  command

    (suspect no))

([input_4] of  command

    (suspect no))

([m1] of  sensor

    (input [a1])
    (suspect no))

([m2] of  sensor

    (input [p1])
    (suspect no))

([m3] of  sensor

    (input [p2])
    (suspect no))

([out1] of  sensor

    (input [a2])
    (suspect no))

([p1] of  multiplier

    (input1 [input_2])
    (input2 [a1])
    (output
        [m2]
        [a2])
    (short-out 0)
    (suspect no))

([p2] of  multiplier

    (input1 [input_3])
    (input2 [input_4])
    (output
        [m3]
        [a2])
    (short-out 0)
    (suspect no))

([reading_1_m1] of  reading_data

    (clock 1)
    (object [m1])
    (value 10))

([reading_1_m2] of  reading_data

    (clock 1)
    (object [m2])
    (value 24))

([reading_1_m3] of  reading_data

    (clock 1)
    (object [m3])
    (value 26))

([reading_1_out] of  reading_data

    (clock 1)
    (object [out1])
    (value 18))
)

我想弄清楚如何使 defrules 打印出 class 的特定实例（例如加法器 a1）的所有输入和输出。我将在下面通过展示一些定义来展示我的意思：

([a1] of  adder

    (input1 [input_1])
    (input2 [input_1])
    (output
        [m1]
        [p1])
    (short-out 0)
    (suspect no))

a1 加法器将 input_1 实例作为输入 1 和输入 2，即：

([command_1_inp1] of  command_data

    (clock 1)
    (object [input_1])
    (value 21))

并输出到 m1 和 p1，m1 实例可以从中获得输出，即：

([reading_1_m1] of  reading_data

    (clock 1)
    (object [m1])
    (value 10))

但是，当我尝试访问实例的值（例如第一个输入的值）时，出现错误 No object of existing classes can satisfy is-a restriction in object pattern.

(defrule find-input-1
    (object (is-a command_data)
    (clock ?clock)
    (value ?value))
    =>
    (printout t ?clock " " ?value crlf))

我做错了什么？我如何访问我的实例所具有的值？

Answer 1

您需要在规则中使用 object 关键字，否则 CLIPS 会将内部组件视为 deftemplate 事实。

(defrule print-sensor
    (object (is-a internal-component) (input1 ?input1) (input2 ?input2))
    =>
    (printout t ?input1 " " ?input2 crlf))

您还需要将内部组件 class 声明为反应式才能在规则中使用它。

(defclass internal-component
    (is-a component)
    (role concrete)
    (pattern-match reactive)
    .
    .
    .
)

从 CLIPS 中的定义访问值

Accessing values from definstances in CLIPS

artificial-intelligence

ontology

protege

clips