从 docker 调用别名命令未按预期工作

Question

我正在对旨在重现手动安装过程的 Dockerfile 进行故障排除。手动过程的最后一步调用别名 cm。该别名扩展为别名 cm='cd ~/catkin_ws && catkin_make'。 which catkin_make 报告 /opt/ros/kinetic/bin/catkin_make。

Dockerfile 的最后两行是：

RUN . /home/ros/.bashrc && cd /home/$USERNAME/catkin_ws && /opt/ros/kinetic/bin/catkin_make

ENTRYPOINT /bin/bash

当我构建 Dockerfile 时出现此错误：

Step 27/28 : RUN . /home/ros/.bashrc && . cm
 ---> Running in b477b1afeac5
/bin/sh: 1: .: cm: not found
The command '/bin/sh -c . /home/ros/.bashrc && . cm' returned a non-zero code: 2

当我用运行注释掉该行时。 Dockerfile 构建得很好，当我运行它时，我输入的第一件事是 cm，它就像一个魅力。

这是我正在使用的 .bashrc：

# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples

# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
    *i*) ;;
      *) return;;
esac

# don't put duplicate lines or lines starting with space in the history.
# See bash(1) for more options
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth

# append to the history file, don't overwrite it
shopt -s histappend

# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000

# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize

# If set, the pattern "**" used in a pathname expansion context will
# match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
#shopt -s globstar

# make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1)
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"

# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
    debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi

# set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)
case "$TERM" in
    xterm-color|*-256color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac

# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yes

if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
    if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
        # We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
        # (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
        # a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
        color_prompt=yes
    else
        color_prompt=
    fi
fi

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[3[01;32m\]\u@\h\[3[00m\]:\[3[01;34m\]\w\[3[00m\]$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt

# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
    PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
    ;;
*)
    ;;
esac

# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
    test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
    alias ls='ls --color=auto'
    #alias dir='dir --color=auto'
    #alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'

    alias grep='grep --color=auto'
    alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
    alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi

# colored GCC warnings and errors
#export GCC_COLORS='error=01;31:warning=01;35:note=01;36:caret=01;32:locus=01:quote=01'

# some more ls aliases
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'

# Add an "alert" alias for long running commands.  Use like so:
#   sleep 10; alert
alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"'

# Alias definitions.
# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.

if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
    . ~/.bash_aliases
fi

# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
if ! shopt -oq posix; then
  if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
    . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
  elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
    . /etc/bash_completion
  fi
fi
alias eb='nano ~/.bashrc'
alias sb='source ~/.bashrc'
alias gs='git status'
alias gp='git pull'
alias cw='cd ~/catkin_ws'
alias cs='cd ~/catkin_ws/src'
alias cm='cd ~/catkin_ws && catkin_make'
source /opt/ros/kinetic/setup.bash
source ~/catkin_ws/devel/setup.bash
export ROS_MASTER_URI=http://localhost:11311
export ROS_HOSTNAME=localhost
source /opt/ros/kinetic/setup.bash
source /home/ros/catkin_ws/devel/setup.bash

我很困惑。

Answer 1

正如您从 bashrc 文件中看到的那样：

# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
    *i*) ;;
      *) return;;
esac
...
alias cm='cd ~/catkin_ws && catkin_make'

当运行来自非交互式 shell 时，您的别名将不会运行，并且构建步骤是非交互式 shell。

解决方法包括：

删除 case 语句（尽管这可能会破坏其他东西）
在该案例陈述之上添加您的条目
避免依赖别名和其他 bash 交互功能
制作一个不同的脚本，您可以在没有该 case 语句的情况下获取源代码

从 docker 调用别名命令未按预期工作

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