在块部分重叠的情况下逐块迭代加载图像

Question

正在尝试处理大型卫星图像 (~10GB)。为了提高内存处理效率，每次迭代都会将图像块 (block/tile) 加载到内存中。

示例代码如下：

def process_image(src_img, dst_img, band_id=1):
    with rasterio.open(src_img) as src:
        kwargs = src.meta
        tiles = src.block_windows(band_id)
        with rasterio.open(dst_img, 'w', **kwargs) as dst:
            for idx, window in tiles:
                print("Processing Block: ", idx[0]+1, ", ", idx[1]+1)
                src_data = src.read(band_id, window=window)
                dst_data = src_data ** 2 # Do the Processing Here
                dst.write_band( band_id, dst_data, window=window)
    return 0

但是，对于需要内核操作的任何类型的处理（例如任何 convolve 过滤器，如 smoothing），这会导致块边缘附近的处理出现问题。为了解决这个问题，每个块应该稍微重叠，如下所示：

我的objective是按如下方式加载块，重叠量可以根据需要调整。

到目前为止，我还没有找到任何直接的方法来实现这一目标。在这方面，我将不胜感激。

Answer 1

你可以扩展你的 windows:

import rasterio as rio
from rasterio import windows

def overlapping_blocks(src, overlap=0, band=1):
    nols, nrows = src.meta['width'], src.meta['height']
    big_window = windows.Window(col_off=0, row_off=0, width=nols, height=nrows)
    for ji, window in src.block_windows(band):

        if overlap == 0:
            yield ji, window

        else:
            col_off = window.col_off - overlap
            row_off = window.row_off - overlap
            width = window.width + overlap * 2
            height = window.height + overlap * 2
            yield ji, windows.Window(col_off, row_off, width, height).intersection(big_window)

你会像这样使用它：

def process_image(src_img, dst_img, band_id=1):
    with rasterio.open(src_img) as src:
        kwargs = src.meta
        with rasterio.open(dst_img, 'w', **kwargs) as dst:
            for idx, window in overlapping_block_windows(src, overlap=1, band=band_id):
                print("Processing Block: ", idx[0]+1, ", ", idx[1]+1)
                src_data = src.read(band_id, window=window)
                dst_data = src_data ** 2 # Do the Processing Here
                dst.write_band( band_id, dst_data, window=window)
    return 0

这是一种重叠块 windows 和非块 windows 的方法，使用附加参数 boundless 指定是否将 windows 扩展到栅格范围，对 boundless reading:

有用

from itertools import product
import rasterio as rio
from rasterio import windows


def overlapping_windows(src, overlap, width, height, boundless=False):
    """"width & height not including overlap i.e requesting a 256x256 window with 
        1px overlap will return a 258x258 window (for non edge windows)"""
    offsets = product(range(0, src.meta['width'], width), range(0, src.meta['height'], height))
    big_window = windows.Window(col_off=0, row_off=0, width=src.meta['width'], height=src.meta['height'])
    for col_off, row_off in offsets:

        window = windows.Window(
            col_off=col_off - overlap,
            row_off=row_off - overlap,
            width=width + overlap * 2,
            height=height + overlap * 2)

        if boundless:
            yield window
        else:
            yield window.intersection(big_window)


def overlapping_blocks(src, overlap=0, band=1, boundless=False):

    big_window = windows.Window(col_off=0, row_off=0, width=src.meta['width'], height=src.meta['height'])
    for ji, window in src.block_windows(band):

        if overlap == 0:
            yield window

        else:
            window = windows.Window(
                col_off=window.col_off - overlap,
                row_off=window.row_off - overlap,
                width=window.width + overlap * 2,
                height=window.height + overlap * 2)
            if boundless:
                yield window
            else:
                yield window.intersection(big_window)

输出windows：

在块部分重叠的情况下逐块迭代加载图像

Iteratively load image block by block where blocks are partially overlapped

python-3.x

gdal

rasterio