在 sub 中通过名称获取符号的值

Get a symbol's value by its name in a sub

我正在制作一个程序包,我必须在子程序中通过符号的名称获取符号的值,而符号是在子程序外部定义的。

这里是简化后的代码,按预期运行:

#! /usr/bin/env perl6 

sub dump_value($symbol) {
    say ::("$symbol")
}

# usage:
my $x = 10;
dump_value('$x');

# expected output: 10
# actual output: 10

然后我将 'dump_value' 放在一个独立的文件中,如下所示:

# somelib.pm6
unit module somelib;

sub dump_value($symbol) is export {
    say ::("$symbol")
}
# client.pl6
#! /usr/bin/env perl6

use lib ".";
use somelib;

my $x = 10;

dump_value('$x');

编译器报错:

No such symbol '$x'
  in sub dump_value at xxx/somelib.pm6 (somelib) line 3
  in block <unit> at ./client.pl6 line 8

以下是一些实验。 None 个成功。

say ::("MY::$symbol")

say ::("OUR::$symbol")

say ::("OUTER::$symbol")

say ::("CLIENT::$symbol")
...

那么如何修复代码?

更新:

谢谢! CALLERS::($symbol) 解决了我原来的问题。但是在稍微复杂一点的情况下,编译器又报错了:

# somelib.pm6
unit module somelib;

sub dump_value(@symbols) is export {
    # output: 6
    say CALLERS::('$x');

    # error: No such symbol 'CALLERS::$x'    
    say @symbols.map({ CALLERS::($^id) } ) 
}

# client.pl6
#! /usr/bin/env perl6

use lib ".";
use somelib;

my $x = 6;
my $y = 8;

dump_value(<$x $y>);

再次更新:

使用OUTER::CALLERS::($^id).

一次又一次更新:

我把'dump_value'放到另一个子里后,它就没用了!

# somelib.pm6
unit module somelib;

sub dump_value(@symbols) is export {
    say @symbols.map({ OUTER::CALLERS::($^id) } )
}

sub wrapped_dump_value(@symbols) is export {
    dump_value(@symbols)
}
#! /usr/bin/env perl6

use lib ".";
use somelib;

my $x = 6;
my $y = 8;

# ouput: (6 8)
dump_value(<$x $y>);

# error: No such symbol 'OUTER::CALLERS::$x'
wrapped_dump_value(<$x $y>);

两件事:

use lib ".";
use somelib;
our $x = 10;     # You need to export the value into the global scope
dump_value('$x');

然后,使用 global scope:

unit module somelib;

sub dump_value($symbol) is export {
    say GLOBAL::("$symbol")
}

根据the documentation

An initial :: doesn't imply global. Here as part of the interpolation syntax it doesn't even imply package. After the interpolation of the ::() component, the indirect name is looked up exactly as if it had been there in the original source code, with priority given first to leading pseudo-package names, then to names in the lexical scope (searching scopes outwards, ending at CORE).

所以当你在somelib包中的dump_value()中写say ::("$symbol")时,它会先在当前作用域中查找$symbol,它的值为'$x' 然后尝试查找 $x (也在当前范围内),但是变量 $x 是在调用者的词法范围内定义的,所以你会得到 No such symbol '$x' 错误。

您可以使用以下任一方法引用由 $symbol 的值给出的调用者的词法符号:

CALLER::MY::($symbol);  # lexical symbols from the immediate caller's lexical scope

 CALLERS::($symbol); # Dynamic symbols in any caller's lexical scope

参见 the package documentation page