无法在 Spring Boot-Junit 5-Mockito 中模拟 RestTemplate

Unable to mock RestTemplate in SpringBoot-Junit5-Mockito

我试图在我的 DAO 中模拟一个 rest 模板 class 但 Mockito 抛出奇怪的错误,说它无法模拟。

正在尝试涵盖我的 Spring 启动应用程序版本 2.x 的单元测试用例。我几乎尝试了互联网上所有可能的解决方案,例如更新 JDK/JRE 进行编译,但我遇到以下错误:

org.mockito.exceptions.base.MockitoException: 
Mockito cannot mock this class: class org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate.

Mockito can only mock non-private & non-final classes.
If you're not sure why you're getting this error, please report to the mailing list.


Java               : 1.8
JVM vendor name    : Oracle Corporation
JVM vendor version : 25.181-b13
JVM name           : Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM
JVM version        : 1.8.0_181-b13
JVM info           : mixed mode
OS name            : Windows 10
OS version         : 10.0


Underlying exception : java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Could not create type
    at org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension.beforeEach(MockitoExtension.java:115)
....

以下是我的代码:

build.gradle

dependencies {
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter'
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-rest'
    implementation 'org.springframework.retry:spring-retry'
    implementation 'org.aspectj:aspectjrt'
    implementation 'org.aspectj:aspectjweaver'
    implementation 'org.springframework:spring-aop'
    testImplementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test'

    testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.2.0'
    testCompile 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-params:5.2.0'
    testRuntime 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.2.0'
    testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-core:2.+'
    testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-junit-jupiter:2.18.3'
}

test {
    testLogging.showStandardStreams = true
    useJUnitPlatform()
}

MyDao.java

@Repository
public class MyDao {    
    @Value("${app.prop.service.url}")
    private String url;

    @Autowired
    public RestTemplate restTemplate;

    public String getSignals() {
        System.out.println("url -----------------------> " + url);
        return new RetryTemplate().execute(context -> {
            ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, String.class);

            if (response.getStatusCodeValue() == 200) {
                System.out.println("Server response -> " + response.getBody());
                return response.getBody();
            } else {
                throw new RuntimeException("server response status: " + response.getStatusCode());
            }
        }, context -> {
            System.out.println("retry count: " + context.getRetryCount());
            System.err.println("error -> " + context.getLastThrowable());
            return null;
        });
    }
}

MyDaoTest.java

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
public class MyDaoTest {    
    @Mock
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @InjectMocks
    private MyDao dao;

    @BeforeEach
    public void prepare() {
        ResponseEntity<String> response = new ResponseEntity<>("{name: myname}", HttpStatus.OK);
        Mockito.doReturn(response).when(restTemplate.getForEntity(Mockito.anyString(), String.class));
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetSignals() {
        System.out.println("------------------TEST-------------------");
        String result = dao.getSignals();
        System.out.println("result ------>" + result);
        assertEquals("{name: myname}", result);
    }
}

RestTemplate 的 BeanConfig

@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
    // block of code for SSL config for HTTPS connection
    return new RestTemplate();
}

任何建议都会很有帮助

P.S:应用程序 运行 通过 gradle 命令完全正常

gradlew bootRun

问题仅在于单元测试

gradlew test

所描述(或从属)问题的一个原因可能是,因为 RestTemplate 既不是 "private" 也不是 "final" 和 "known as mockable",invocation/mocking 共 restTemplate.getForEntity()

...在current version中,此方法可用三个flavors/with重载参数:

  • ... getForEntity(String url, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables) ...
  • ... getForEntity(String url, Class<T> responseType, Map<String, ?> uriVariables) ...
  • ... getForEntity(URI url, Class<T> responseType) ...

在你的(操作)代码中,你似乎使用了第一种风格,所以在不改变它(操作代码)的情况下,我建议将你的测试代码调整为:

...restTemplate.getForEntity(Mockito.anyString(), String.class
/*!!!*/, ArgumentMatchers.<Object>any());

另请参阅:

  • Mockito not working for RestTemplate
  • How to properly match varargs in Mockito

但错误消息仍然让我 "cautious" 想知道...你在 "beeding edge" junit (5) 堆栈上,你对你的测试设置有信心吗!? (缺少 gradle libs/config?)

拜托,"try":

testCompile "org.mockito:mockito-core:2.+"
testCompile('org.mockito:mockito-junit-jupiter:2.18.3')

不是:

...
testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-core:2.+'
testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-junit-jupiter:2.18.3'

..如 dzone's spring-boot-2-with-junit-5-and-mockito-2-for-unit 所示。 如果那(以及教程中的其他发现)没有帮助,请考虑真的:

report (it) to the mailing list(.)


而我 heard/read 第一次(在我的生命中):

mock a rest template in my DAO class

考虑将您的 dao 命名为 "service"(+ 根据 steps/refactorings;)

好的,我解决了这个问题。这是 mockito-core 和 mockito-junit-jupiter jar 之间的版本不匹配,导致了这个问题。

正确的依赖关系是:

testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.2.0'
testCompile 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-params:5.2.0'
testRuntime 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.2.0'
testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-core:2.18.3'
testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-junit-jupiter:2.18.3'

之前是

testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-core:2.+'

Gradle 正在选择最新版本的 mockito-core jar,因为它被要求选择构建文件中定义的 2.x 系列中的任何版本。我相信其余的是不言自明的。

快乐,单元测试! :P

这个问题发生在我身上是因为我不小心运行 Java 11。一旦我切换到项目标准的Java 8,问题就消失了。