我的 "urls.py" 文件在我的 Django 项目中放在哪里？

Question

我正在使用 Django 和 Python 3.7。我使用 PyCharm 创建了一个项目，它创建了以下目录结构（一些自定义添加是我自己的）：

mainpage 
    __init__.py  
    __pycache__  
    admin.py  
    apps.py  
    fixtures  
    management  
    migrations  
    models.py  
    services.py  
    templates
        mainpage
            trending.html  
    tests.py  
    urls.py  
    views.py 
mainpage_project 
    __init__.py  
    __pycache__  
    settings  
    wsgi.py 
manage.py  
templates  
venv

文件 "urls.py" 如下所示

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('trending', trending, name='trending'), 
]

我对 "urls.py" 应该去哪里以及它应该包含什么感到困惑。当我启动服务器时，出现以下错误 ("ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'mainpage_project.urls'") ...

(venv) localhost:mainpage_project davea$ python manage.py runserver
Performing system checks...

Unhandled exception in thread started by <function check_errors.<locals>.wrapper at 0x103096950>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/mainpage_project/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/autoreload.py", line 225, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/mainpage_project/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 117, in inner_run
    self.check(display_num_errors=True)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/mainpage_project/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 379, in check
    include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks,
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/mainpage_project/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 366, in _run_checks
    return checks.run_checks(**kwargs)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/mainpage_project/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/registry.py", line 71, in run_checks
    new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/mainpage_project/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 40, in check_url_namespaces_unique
    all_namespaces = _load_all_namespaces(resolver)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/mainpage_project/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/checks/urls.py", line 57, in _load_all_namespaces
    url_patterns = getattr(resolver, 'url_patterns', [])
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/mainpage_project/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 37, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/mainpage_project/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 533, in url_patterns
    patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/mainpage_project/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 37, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "/Users/davea/Documents/workspace/mainpage_project/venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/urls/resolvers.py", line 526, in urlconf_module
    return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 965, in _find_and_load_unlocked
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'mainpage_project.urls'

我的 "urls.py" 文件应该放在哪里，它应该包含什么？

Answer 1

您的项目 mainpage_project 中缺少 urls.py。即，

mainpage_project 
    __init__.py  
    __pycache__  
    settings  
    wsgi.py 
    urls.py    #here

<b>urls.py</b> 负责映射项目中的路由和路径。例如，如果您想在 URL /trending/ 中显示某些内容，则必须先将其映射到此处。

根据您的目录结构，mainpage_project 是您的项目，mainpage 是您的应用程序。

每个应用程序都可以拥有自己的 urls.py。 Django 实际上会在您的项目文件夹中检查它。

典型的 urls.py 看起来像：

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path

from mainpage import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('trending', trending, name='trending'), 
]

Update1：根据评论，您在添加 urls.py 时遇到导入错误，因为在您的 urls.py 中您正尝试导入 views来自 mainpage_project 的文件夹。

from . import views

. 表示法是指调用它的当前目录，即 mainpage_project 目录。

并且mainpage_project目录中没有views.py。但是 views.py 存在于 mainpage 目录中。所以更新为：

from mainpage import views

我的 "urls.py" 文件在我的 Django 项目中放在哪里？

Where does my "urls.py" file go in my Django project?

python

django

python-3.x

django-views

url-mapping