python 的 cElementTree 未按预期工作
cElementTree with python not working as expected
我写了一个 python 脚本来读取软件生成的 xml 文件。我使用 xml.etree.cElementTree 来解析 xml。一直好好的，今天突然发现脚本不行了。我不认为系统有任何变化，我只是得到了一批新的文件来解析。
我尝试将 cpython/lib/xml/etree 库添加到我的项目目录，但它没有解决任何问题。之前它曾经独立运行，所以我不能在这里指出问题。我在下面提供我的代码：
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
import os
scriptPath = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
xmlTree = ET.parse(scriptPath + '/../report/Non-text-searchable.xml')
rootTag = xmlTree.getroot()
rules = {}
rulesTag = rootTag.find('profile_info').find('rules')
for ruleTag in rulesTag.iter('rule'):
ruleId = ruleTag.get('id')
ruleDisplayCommentTag = ruleTag.find('display_comment')
ruleDisplayComment = ruleDisplayCommentTag.text
rules[ruleId] = ruleDisplayComment
我曾经收到一个格式良好的关联数组，其中 id 作为键，comment 作为值。但现在我收到以下错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "scripts/parseXML.py", line 12, in <module>
rulesTag = rootTag.find('profile_info').find('rules')
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'find'
这是我正在检查的文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<report xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.callassoftware.com/namespace/pi4 pi4_results_schema.xsd" xmlns="http://www.callassoftware.com/namespace/pi4" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<document>
<doc_info>
<filename>Non-text-searchable.pdf</filename>
<path>/home/debopam/Downloads/pdfToolBoxCLI/samples/</path>
<pdfversion>1.4</pdfversion>
<filesize_byte>70489</filesize_byte>
<title>Untitled</title>
<author>Dell</author>
<creator>PScript5.dll Version 5.2.2</creator>
<producer>GPL Ghostscript 8.15</producer>
<created>08.10.2013 13:21</created>
<created_timezone>2013-10-08T13:21:40</created_timezone>
<modified>08.10.2013 13:21</modified>
<modified_timezone>2013-10-08T13:21:40</modified_timezone>
<keywords></keywords>
<subject></subject>
<trapped>Unknown</trapped>
<plates>4</plates>
<platenames>
<platename>Cyan</platename>
<platename>Magenta</platename>
<platename>Yellow</platename>
<platename>Black</platename>
</platenames>
<catalog_info>
<version_entry></version_entry>
</catalog_info>
</doc_info>
<pages>
</pages>
<resources>
</resources>
</document>
<profile_info creator_id="Pb484eb8c0ff7c39aa54c4359af092373">
<profile_name>TestChecksColorResFont</profile_name>
<profile_comment></profile_comment>
<meta_data>
</meta_data>
<conditions>
<condition id="CND1" creator_id="Cedb27d6db073644e1a44173737e1acab" property_key="CSCOLOR::isDeviceRGB">
<display_name></display_name>
<display_comment></display_comment>
<rules>
<rule id="RUL2">
</rule>
</rules>
</condition>
<condition id="CND2" creator_id="Ca7fafdf48cebe54ed7ab5687c7988cac" property_key="CSIMAGE::BitsPerColourComponent">
<display_name></display_name>
<display_comment></display_comment>
<rules>
<rule id="RUL1">
</rule>
</rules>
</condition>
<condition id="CND3" creator_id="C1b82e4dcd74de31c222ca3ae9adbb7c2" property_key="CSIMAGE::Resolution">
<display_name></display_name>
<display_comment></display_comment>
<rules>
<rule id="RUL1">
</rule>
</rules>
</condition>
<condition id="CND4" creator_id="Ca463e359e2e0388210b50fc64e0b1dc7" property_key="CSIMAGE::BitsPerColourComponent">
<display_name></display_name>
<display_comment></display_comment>
<rules>
<rule id="RUL3">
</rule>
</rules>
</condition>
<condition id="CND5" creator_id="C91457a5352d354fb9f52f49e7d310845" property_key="CSIMAGE::Resolution">
<display_name></display_name>
<display_comment></display_comment>
<rules>
<rule id="RUL3">
</rule>
</rules>
</condition>
<condition id="CND6" creator_id="C0f6ff9d5de51924064d5e63877f70289" property_key="CSFONT::isEmbedded">
<display_name></display_name>
<display_comment></display_comment>
<rules>
<rule id="RUL4">
</rule>
</rules>
</condition>
</conditions>
<rules>
<rule id="RUL1" creator_id="Rd69191a9b161310be770bda424c2eb86" dict_key="PRCWzImag_ResImgLower">
<display_name>Resolution of color and grayscale images is lower than 300 pixels per inch</display_name>
<display_comment>Continuous tone image resolution lower than specified</display_comment>
<display_nomatch></display_nomatch>
<conditions>
<condition id="CND2">
</condition>
<condition id="CND3">
</condition>
</conditions>
<rulesets>
<ruleset ruleset_id="RS2">
<severity>Error</severity>
</ruleset>
</rulesets>
</rule>
<rule id="RUL2" creator_id="R283b33331e53df09691597fbd56cd772" dict_key="PRCWzColr_RGB">
<display_name>Object uses RGB</display_name>
<display_comment>Object uses RGB (DeviceRGB).</display_comment>
<display_nomatch></display_nomatch>
<conditions>
<condition id="CND1">
</condition>
</conditions>
<rulesets>
<ruleset ruleset_id="RS1">
<severity>Error</severity>
</ruleset>
</rulesets>
</rule>
<rule id="RUL3" creator_id="R1331df8c5867727243d9fd6ea8d6dda6" dict_key="PRCWzImag_ResBmpLower">
<display_name>Resolution of bitmap images is lower than 300 pixels per inch</display_name>
<display_comment>Bitmap resolution lower than specified</display_comment>
<display_nomatch></display_nomatch>
<conditions>
<condition id="CND4">
</condition>
<condition id="CND5">
</condition>
</conditions>
<rulesets>
<ruleset ruleset_id="RS3">
<severity>Error</severity>
</ruleset>
</rulesets>
</rule>
<rule id="RUL4" creator_id="R04dd9c495da7506fdb7f46ecca066d81" dict_key="PRCWzXComp_PDFDocument_R_FontNotEmbedded">
<display_name>Font not embedded</display_name>
<display_comment>PDF/X requires that all fonts are embedded.</display_comment>
<display_nomatch></display_nomatch>
<conditions>
<condition id="CND6">
</condition>
</conditions>
<rulesets>
<ruleset ruleset_id="RS4">
<severity>Error</severity>
</ruleset>
</rulesets>
</rule>
</rules>
<rulesets>
<ruleset id="RS1" creator_id="Sfdc5b80dba07ef2ecab005fcb1cae4cf" dict_key="PRCWzColr_RGB">
<display_name>Object uses RGB</display_name>
<display_comment>Object uses RGB (DeviceRGB).</display_comment>
<rules>
<rule rule_id="RUL2"></rule>
</rules>
</ruleset>
<ruleset id="RS2" creator_id="Sbd92dd53d1720e63b74d679a9a18fb4a" dict_key="PRCWzImag_ResImgLower">
<display_name>Resolution of color and grayscale images is lower than 300 pixels per inch</display_name>
<display_comment>Continuous tone image resolution lower than specified</display_comment>
<rules>
<rule rule_id="RUL1"></rule>
</rules>
</ruleset>
<ruleset id="RS3" creator_id="Sabac7ce3a018637df157249daadec742" dict_key="PRCWzImag_ResBmpLower">
<display_name>Resolution of bitmap images is lower than 300 pixels per inch</display_name>
<display_comment>Bitmap resolution lower than specified</display_comment>
<rules>
<rule rule_id="RUL3"></rule>
</rules>
</ruleset>
<ruleset id="RS4" creator_id="S935eda6d17880d284838826a0447a757" dict_key="PRCWzFont_NotEmbedded">
<display_name>Font is not embedded</display_name>
<display_comment>Fonts should always be embedded for prepress files. Fonts must be embedded for PDF/X-1 and PDF/X-3 files.</display_comment>
<rules>
<rule rule_id="RUL4"></rule>
</rules>
</ruleset>
</rulesets>
</profile_info>
<results>
<hits rule_id="RUL2" severity="Error">
<hit type="Image" llx="35.94" lly="55.74" urx="576.0598" ury="756.0">
<imagestate v_ppi="339.303" h_ppi="339.924"></imagestate>
<gstate miter_limit="10.0" stroke_adjustment="0" flatness_tolerance="1.0" smoothness_tolerance="0.0" overprint_mode="1" overprint_for_stroke="0" overprint_for_fill="0"></gstate>
<triggers>
<trigger condition_id="CND1">is true</trigger>
</triggers>
</hit>
</hits>
</results>
<information>
<product_name>pdfToolbox</product_name>
<product_version>10.1 (490) x64</product_version>
<date_time>2019-02-12T16:43:10+05:30</date_time>
<username>debopam</username>
<computername>debopam-H81H3-M4</computername>
<operating_system>Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS Linux x86_64 4.15.0-45-generic</operating_system>
<duration>00:00:01</duration>
<report_language>en</report_language>
</information>
</report>
请帮助我理解问题以及解决方法。在此先感谢
P.S.:
rootTag.find('profile_info') returns None..
我也试过使用rootTag.findall('profile_info')，它return是空白数组[]..
我也尝试过使用 rootTag.find('{*}profile_info') 和 rootTag.findall('{*}profile_info')，但它们也 return 相同的结果..
在您的 XML 文件中，<profile_info> 标签似乎包含在 <report> 标签中。
尝试替换：
rulesTag = rootTag.find('profile_info').find('rules')
与：
rulesTag = rootTag.find('report').find('profile_info').find('rules')
我通过添加以下行解决了这个问题
nameSpace = rootTag.tag.replace('report', '')
这给出了 nameSpace，我将 nameSpace 附加到我尝试查找的每个标签或 iter，如下所示：
...
rulesTag = rootTag.find(nameSpace + 'profile_info').find(nameSpace + 'rules')
for ruleTag in rulesTag.iter(nameSpace + 'rule'):
...
这是我需要的。我认为 xml 现在是用命名空间生成的，因此每个标签都需要在它之前附加命名空间。
我写了一个 python 脚本来读取软件生成的 xml 文件。我使用 xml.etree.cElementTree 来解析 xml。一直好好的，今天突然发现脚本不行了。我不认为系统有任何变化，我只是得到了一批新的文件来解析。
我尝试将 cpython/lib/xml/etree 库添加到我的项目目录，但它没有解决任何问题。之前它曾经独立运行，所以我不能在这里指出问题。我在下面提供我的代码：
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
import os
scriptPath = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
xmlTree = ET.parse(scriptPath + '/../report/Non-text-searchable.xml')
rootTag = xmlTree.getroot()
rules = {}
rulesTag = rootTag.find('profile_info').find('rules')
for ruleTag in rulesTag.iter('rule'):
ruleId = ruleTag.get('id')
ruleDisplayCommentTag = ruleTag.find('display_comment')
ruleDisplayComment = ruleDisplayCommentTag.text
rules[ruleId] = ruleDisplayComment
我曾经收到一个格式良好的关联数组，其中 id 作为键，comment 作为值。但现在我收到以下错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "scripts/parseXML.py", line 12, in <module>
rulesTag = rootTag.find('profile_info').find('rules')
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'find'
这是我正在检查的文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<report xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.callassoftware.com/namespace/pi4 pi4_results_schema.xsd" xmlns="http://www.callassoftware.com/namespace/pi4" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<document>
<doc_info>
<filename>Non-text-searchable.pdf</filename>
<path>/home/debopam/Downloads/pdfToolBoxCLI/samples/</path>
<pdfversion>1.4</pdfversion>
<filesize_byte>70489</filesize_byte>
<title>Untitled</title>
<author>Dell</author>
<creator>PScript5.dll Version 5.2.2</creator>
<producer>GPL Ghostscript 8.15</producer>
<created>08.10.2013 13:21</created>
<created_timezone>2013-10-08T13:21:40</created_timezone>
<modified>08.10.2013 13:21</modified>
<modified_timezone>2013-10-08T13:21:40</modified_timezone>
<keywords></keywords>
<subject></subject>
<trapped>Unknown</trapped>
<plates>4</plates>
<platenames>
<platename>Cyan</platename>
<platename>Magenta</platename>
<platename>Yellow</platename>
<platename>Black</platename>
</platenames>
<catalog_info>
<version_entry></version_entry>
</catalog_info>
</doc_info>
<pages>
</pages>
<resources>
</resources>
</document>
<profile_info creator_id="Pb484eb8c0ff7c39aa54c4359af092373">
<profile_name>TestChecksColorResFont</profile_name>
<profile_comment></profile_comment>
<meta_data>
</meta_data>
<conditions>
<condition id="CND1" creator_id="Cedb27d6db073644e1a44173737e1acab" property_key="CSCOLOR::isDeviceRGB">
<display_name></display_name>
<display_comment></display_comment>
<rules>
<rule id="RUL2">
</rule>
</rules>
</condition>
<condition id="CND2" creator_id="Ca7fafdf48cebe54ed7ab5687c7988cac" property_key="CSIMAGE::BitsPerColourComponent">
<display_name></display_name>
<display_comment></display_comment>
<rules>
<rule id="RUL1">
</rule>
</rules>
</condition>
<condition id="CND3" creator_id="C1b82e4dcd74de31c222ca3ae9adbb7c2" property_key="CSIMAGE::Resolution">
<display_name></display_name>
<display_comment></display_comment>
<rules>
<rule id="RUL1">
</rule>
</rules>
</condition>
<condition id="CND4" creator_id="Ca463e359e2e0388210b50fc64e0b1dc7" property_key="CSIMAGE::BitsPerColourComponent">
<display_name></display_name>
<display_comment></display_comment>
<rules>
<rule id="RUL3">
</rule>
</rules>
</condition>
<condition id="CND5" creator_id="C91457a5352d354fb9f52f49e7d310845" property_key="CSIMAGE::Resolution">
<display_name></display_name>
<display_comment></display_comment>
<rules>
<rule id="RUL3">
</rule>
</rules>
</condition>
<condition id="CND6" creator_id="C0f6ff9d5de51924064d5e63877f70289" property_key="CSFONT::isEmbedded">
<display_name></display_name>
<display_comment></display_comment>
<rules>
<rule id="RUL4">
</rule>
</rules>
</condition>
</conditions>
<rules>
<rule id="RUL1" creator_id="Rd69191a9b161310be770bda424c2eb86" dict_key="PRCWzImag_ResImgLower">
<display_name>Resolution of color and grayscale images is lower than 300 pixels per inch</display_name>
<display_comment>Continuous tone image resolution lower than specified</display_comment>
<display_nomatch></display_nomatch>
<conditions>
<condition id="CND2">
</condition>
<condition id="CND3">
</condition>
</conditions>
<rulesets>
<ruleset ruleset_id="RS2">
<severity>Error</severity>
</ruleset>
</rulesets>
</rule>
<rule id="RUL2" creator_id="R283b33331e53df09691597fbd56cd772" dict_key="PRCWzColr_RGB">
<display_name>Object uses RGB</display_name>
<display_comment>Object uses RGB (DeviceRGB).</display_comment>
<display_nomatch></display_nomatch>
<conditions>
<condition id="CND1">
</condition>
</conditions>
<rulesets>
<ruleset ruleset_id="RS1">
<severity>Error</severity>
</ruleset>
</rulesets>
</rule>
<rule id="RUL3" creator_id="R1331df8c5867727243d9fd6ea8d6dda6" dict_key="PRCWzImag_ResBmpLower">
<display_name>Resolution of bitmap images is lower than 300 pixels per inch</display_name>
<display_comment>Bitmap resolution lower than specified</display_comment>
<display_nomatch></display_nomatch>
<conditions>
<condition id="CND4">
</condition>
<condition id="CND5">
</condition>
</conditions>
<rulesets>
<ruleset ruleset_id="RS3">
<severity>Error</severity>
</ruleset>
</rulesets>
</rule>
<rule id="RUL4" creator_id="R04dd9c495da7506fdb7f46ecca066d81" dict_key="PRCWzXComp_PDFDocument_R_FontNotEmbedded">
<display_name>Font not embedded</display_name>
<display_comment>PDF/X requires that all fonts are embedded.</display_comment>
<display_nomatch></display_nomatch>
<conditions>
<condition id="CND6">
</condition>
</conditions>
<rulesets>
<ruleset ruleset_id="RS4">
<severity>Error</severity>
</ruleset>
</rulesets>
</rule>
</rules>
<rulesets>
<ruleset id="RS1" creator_id="Sfdc5b80dba07ef2ecab005fcb1cae4cf" dict_key="PRCWzColr_RGB">
<display_name>Object uses RGB</display_name>
<display_comment>Object uses RGB (DeviceRGB).</display_comment>
<rules>
<rule rule_id="RUL2"></rule>
</rules>
</ruleset>
<ruleset id="RS2" creator_id="Sbd92dd53d1720e63b74d679a9a18fb4a" dict_key="PRCWzImag_ResImgLower">
<display_name>Resolution of color and grayscale images is lower than 300 pixels per inch</display_name>
<display_comment>Continuous tone image resolution lower than specified</display_comment>
<rules>
<rule rule_id="RUL1"></rule>
</rules>
</ruleset>
<ruleset id="RS3" creator_id="Sabac7ce3a018637df157249daadec742" dict_key="PRCWzImag_ResBmpLower">
<display_name>Resolution of bitmap images is lower than 300 pixels per inch</display_name>
<display_comment>Bitmap resolution lower than specified</display_comment>
<rules>
<rule rule_id="RUL3"></rule>
</rules>
</ruleset>
<ruleset id="RS4" creator_id="S935eda6d17880d284838826a0447a757" dict_key="PRCWzFont_NotEmbedded">
<display_name>Font is not embedded</display_name>
<display_comment>Fonts should always be embedded for prepress files. Fonts must be embedded for PDF/X-1 and PDF/X-3 files.</display_comment>
<rules>
<rule rule_id="RUL4"></rule>
</rules>
</ruleset>
</rulesets>
</profile_info>
<results>
<hits rule_id="RUL2" severity="Error">
<hit type="Image" llx="35.94" lly="55.74" urx="576.0598" ury="756.0">
<imagestate v_ppi="339.303" h_ppi="339.924"></imagestate>
<gstate miter_limit="10.0" stroke_adjustment="0" flatness_tolerance="1.0" smoothness_tolerance="0.0" overprint_mode="1" overprint_for_stroke="0" overprint_for_fill="0"></gstate>
<triggers>
<trigger condition_id="CND1">is true</trigger>
</triggers>
</hit>
</hits>
</results>
<information>
<product_name>pdfToolbox</product_name>
<product_version>10.1 (490) x64</product_version>
<date_time>2019-02-12T16:43:10+05:30</date_time>
<username>debopam</username>
<computername>debopam-H81H3-M4</computername>
<operating_system>Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS Linux x86_64 4.15.0-45-generic</operating_system>
<duration>00:00:01</duration>
<report_language>en</report_language>
</information>
</report>
请帮助我理解问题以及解决方法。在此先感谢
P.S.:
rootTag.find('profile_info') returns None..
我也试过使用rootTag.findall('profile_info')，它return是空白数组[]..
我也尝试过使用 rootTag.find('{*}profile_info') 和 rootTag.findall('{*}profile_info')，但它们也 return 相同的结果..
在您的 XML 文件中，<profile_info> 标签似乎包含在 <report> 标签中。
尝试替换：
rulesTag = rootTag.find('profile_info').find('rules')
与：
rulesTag = rootTag.find('report').find('profile_info').find('rules')
我通过添加以下行解决了这个问题
nameSpace = rootTag.tag.replace('report', '')
这给出了 nameSpace，我将 nameSpace 附加到我尝试查找的每个标签或 iter，如下所示：
...
rulesTag = rootTag.find(nameSpace + 'profile_info').find(nameSpace + 'rules')
for ruleTag in rulesTag.iter(nameSpace + 'rule'):
...
这是我需要的。我认为 xml 现在是用命名空间生成的，因此每个标签都需要在它之前附加命名空间。