SQL

Question

上图代表了我一直试图在 MSSQL 中完成的事情。

多时间段的排班，A到B是加班，B到C上午正常上班，C到D午饭时间，D到E下午正常上班，E到F也是加班。

为了简单起见，我手动将A、B、C、D、E和F声明为固定值。实际上，这些将由另一个 table 提供，但这与此问题无关。

垂直箭头，代表计时in/out时间。

那么，假设早上 8 点到晚上 7 点。

如何检索以下内容？

工作：8小时
午餐：1小时
超时：2h

无需使用乱七八糟的 IF，并且知道 IN 可能位于 B 和 C 的中间。

上午 11 点上班，晚上 7 点下班的人现在工作 = 6 小时，午餐 = 1 小时，加班 = 1 小时。

谢谢。

举个例子，我目前的意大利面条代码，肯定有更优雅（更简洁）的方法来完成这个。

declare @clockIn time = '08:00'
declare @clockOut time = '19:00'

declare @a time= '00:00'
...all possible limits defined here...
declare @f time= '23:59'

tests using C to D only:

-- in block
IF(@clockIn >= @c
   AND @clockOut <= @d)
    BEGIN
        SET @at = @at + ABS(DATEDIFF(hour, @clockIn, @clockOut));
    END;
-- outside block
IF(@clockIn < @c
   AND @clockOut > @d)
    BEGIN
        SET @at = @at + ABS(DATEDIFF(hour, @c, @d));
    END;
-- cIn in block, cOut outside
IF(@clockIn >= @c
   AND @clockOut > @d)
    BEGIN
        SET @at = @at + ABS(DATEDIFF(hour, @clockIn, @d));
    END;
-- cIn outside, cIn inside
IF(@clockIn < @c
   AND @clockOut <= @d)
    BEGIN
        SET @at = @at + ABS(DATEDIFF(hour, @c, @clockOut));
    END
select @ax as overtime,@at as work,@ai as lunch

Answer 1

如果不以某种方式构建 if-then 逻辑，我想不出有什么方法可以做到这一点，所以这取决于你如何去做。我认为最简单（也可能是最易读）的方法是每次需要时都使用一个 case 表达式，也许留下一些关于它背后的逻辑的评论，这样任何遇到它的人都可以更容易地理解它是如何工作的。

例如，像这样的东西应该足够简单而不至于太乱（IMO）：

DECLARE @Clock TABLE (Clockin TIME NOT NULL, Clockout TIME NOT NULL);
INSERT @Clock VALUES ('12:30', '19:00');

DECLARE @Times TABLE (WorkStart TIME NOT NULL, LunchStart TIME NOT NULL, LunchEnd TIME NOT NULL, WorkEnd TIME NOT NULL);
INSERT @Times VALUES ('09:00', '12:00', '13:00', '18:00');

SELECT 
    OverTime = 
        (CASE -- Overtime hours in the morning.
            WHEN C.Clockin < T.WorkStart -- Clocked in before official work start.
            THEN DATEDIFF(MINUTE, C.Clockin, CASE WHEN C.Clockout > T.WorkStart THEN T.WorkStart ELSE C.Clockout END) 
            ELSE 0 
        END + 
        CASE -- Overtime hours in the evening.
            WHEN C.Clockout > T.WorkEnd -- Clocked out after official work end.
            THEN DATEDIFF(MINUTE, CASE WHEN C.Clockin > T.WorkEnd THEN C.Clockin ELSE T.WorkEnd END, C.Clockout) 
            ELSE 0 
        END) / 60.0,
    Work =
        (CASE -- Work hours for the morning.
            WHEN C.Clockout > T.WorkStart AND C.Clockin < T.LunchStart -- Clocked out after official work start and clocked in before official lunch start.
            THEN DATEDIFF(MINUTE, CASE WHEN C.Clockin < T.WorkStart THEN T.WorkStart ELSE C.Clockin END, CASE WHEN C.Clockout < T.LunchStart THEN C.Clockout ELSE T.LunchStart END) 
            ELSE 0
        END + 
        CASE -- Work hours for the afternoon.
            WHEN C.Clockin < T.WorkEnd AND C.Clockout > T.LunchEnd -- Clocked out after official lunch end and clocked in before official work end.
            THEN DATEDIFF(MINUTE,CASE WHEN C.Clockin < T.LunchEnd THEN T.LunchEnd ELSE C.Clockin END, CASE WHEN C.Clockout < T.WorkEnd THEN C.Clockout ELSE T.WorkEnd END) 
            ELSE 0
        END) / 60.0,
    Lunch =
        CASE -- Lunch hours.
            WHEN C.Clockin < T.LunchEnd AND C.Clockout > T.LunchStart -- Clocked in before official lunch end and clocked out after official lunch start.
            THEN DATEDIFF(MINUTE, CASE WHEN C.Clockin > T.LunchStart THEN C.Clockin ELSE T.LunchStart END, CASE WHEN C.Clockout < T.LunchEnd THEN C.Clockout ELSE T.LunchEnd END) 
            ELSE 0
        END / 60.0
FROM @Clock AS C
CROSS JOIN @Times AS T;

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