如何在 Windows 上使用 std::system 运行 带有空格的可执行文件

Question

如何在不使用 C++11 的情况下使用 Windows std::system 运行 运行

]

我已经尝试了看似明显的在路径周围放置带空格的引号，但是在控制台 window 弹出的命令中 运行 我收到一条消息，指示完整的可执行文件路径在空间上被分割。例如，我尝试了以下操作：

#include <cstdlib>

int main()
{
    int no_spaces_forward_rc = std::system("c:/IronPython2.7/ipy -c \"print 'no_spaces_forward'\"");
    // no_spaces_forward_rc is 0 and "no_spaces_forward" is written to console window

    int spaces_forward_rc    = std::system("\"c:/Program Files (x86)/IronPython 2.7/ipy\" -c \"print 'spaces_forward'\"");
    // spaces_forward_rc is 1, and "'c:/Program' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file." is written to console window

    int no_spaces_backward_rc = std::system("c:\IronPython2.7\ipy -c \"print 'no_spaces_backward'\"");
    // no_spaces_backward_rc is 0 and "no_spaces_backward" is written to console window

    int spaces_backward_rc    = std::system("\"c:\Program Files (x86)\IronPython 2.7\ipy\" -c \"print 'spaces_backward'\"");
    // spaces_backward_rc is 1, and "'c:\Program' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file." is written to console window

    int no_spaces_double_backward_rc = std::system("c:\\IronPython2.7\\ipy -c \"print 'no_spaces_double_backward'\"");
    // no_spaces_double_backward_rc is 0, and no_spaces_double_backward is written to console window

    int spaces_double_backward_rc    = std::system("\"c:\\Program Files (x86)\\IronPython 2.7\\ipy\" -c \"print 'spaces_double_backward'\"");
    // spaces_double_backward_rc is 1, and "'c:\Program' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file." is written to console window

    int spaces_double_double_backward_rc    = std::system("\\"c:\\Program Files (x86)\\IronPython 2.7\\ipy\\" -c \"print 'spaces_double_double_backward'\"");
    // spaces_dobule_double_backward_rc is 1, and "'\"c:\Program Files (x86)\IronPython 2.7\ipy\"' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file." is written to console window

    return 0;
}

我已经验证 运行ning "c:\Program Files (x86)\IronPython 2.7\ipy" -c "print 'spaces_backward'" 直接在 cmd 提示符下工作，而且我很确定我不只是有错字。这让我抓狂——任何帮助将不胜感激！

（我正在使用 Visual Studio 2012，如果有帮助，我会使用子系统控制台进行编译。）

Answer 1

OK 这个代码使用 raw string literal，实际上对我有用 (VS2013 Express)：

std::string cmd = R"cmd("C:\Program Files (x86)\doxygen\bin\doxygen.exe")cmd";
system(cmd.c_str());

对于不受支持的原始字符串文字，传统的转义字符串文字应如下所示 1:

std::string cmd = "\"C:\Program Files (x86)\doxygen\bin\doxygen.exe\"";

---

这些双重转义的原因是，system()实际上调用了cmd，它期望双引号"将命令行括起来执行。

---

_{1) 很容易看出，这很容易出错，因为在某处缺少 \。}

Answer 2

cmd.exe 的语法有一个讨厌的扭曲。来自 cmd.exe /?:

1.  If all of the following conditions are met, then quote characters
    on the command line are preserved:

    - no /S switch
    - exactly two quote characters
    - no special characters between the two quote characters,
      where special is one of: &<>()@^|
    - there are one or more whitespace characters between the
      two quote characters
    - the string between the two quote characters is the name
      of an executable file.

为了使行为一致，std::system 调用应使用 /S 开关，并将命令嵌入引号中。可悲的是，事实并非如此。这意味着这将起作用：

std::system("\"c:\Program Files (x86)\Adobe\Reader 10.0\Reader\AcroRd32.exe\" h:\documents\documentation\misc\calendar 1999.pdf");

但这个看似微不足道的变体不会：

std::system("\"c:\Program Files (x86)\Adobe\Reader 10.0\Reader\AcroRd32.exe\" \"h:\documents\documentation\misc\calendar 1999.pdf\"");

要解决此问题，entire 命令，包括 可执行文件的引用路径，必须用引号引起来：

std::system("\"\"c:\Program Files (x86)\Adobe\Reader 10.0\Reader\AcroRd32.exe\" \"h:\documents\documentation\misc\calendar 1999.pdf\"\"");

在你的例子中，那将是

std::system("\"\"c:\Program Files (x86)\IronPython 2.7\ipy\" -c \"print 'spaces_backward'\"\"");