如何使用线性渐变创建无限背景图案动画?
How to create an infinite background pattern animation using linear-gradient?
我正在尝试创建一个动画重复图案(水平滑动的对角条纹),作为加载块的占位符(在本例中为 li
)。
如何制作动画 smooth/continuous 给人一种图案无限滑动的错觉?
- 如何计算元素
width
使图案连续? (条纹不应该看起来 broken/interrupted)。
- 如何让它看起来像不是重新启动而是无限滑动的循环? (100% 帧应该毫无故障地传递到 0% 帧)
我的目标是 class 我可以添加到任何块中,并且在视觉上看起来像 loading/processing。
注:无JS;纯 CSS.
li {
display: inline-block;
width: calc(20px * 8); /* how to calculate this, relative to the width (of the pattern or the step), to achieve pattern continuity exactly?
Of course without doing trying&error to know it should be 24.75px * 8.
*/
height: 200px;
background-color: blue;
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
animation: loading-slide 1s linear infinite;
}
@keyframes loading-slide {
from { background-position: 0% 0% }
to { background-position: 100% 0% }
}
<ul>
<li>test
<li>test
</ul>
正确的公式应该是(20px / cos(45deg)) * N
。然后你可以使 background-size
成为 200% 100%
(比元素大两倍)并从左到右设置动画:
li {
display: inline-block;
width: calc( (20px / 0.707) * 3); /*cos(45deg) = 0.707*/
height: 50px;
margin-bottom:10px;
background-color: blue;
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
background-size: 200% 100%;
background-color: blue;
animation: loading-slide 3s linear infinite;
}
@keyframes loading-slide {
from {
background-position: left;
}
to {
background-position: right;
}
}
.alt li {
width: calc( (20px / 0.707) * 6);
}
<ul>
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
<ul class="alt">
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
你可以考虑任何程度,并根据需要调整公式。 (20px / cos(90deg - |Xdeg|)) * N
X
在 -90deg
和 90deg
之间
示例-60deg
li {
display: inline-block;
width: calc((20px / 0.866) * var(--n,3)); /*cos(30deg) = 0.866*/
height: 50px;
margin-bottom:10px;
background-color: blue;
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-60deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
background-size: 200% 100%;
background-color: blue;
animation: loading-slide 3s linear infinite;
}
@keyframes loading-slide {
from {
background-position: left;
}
to {
background-position: right;
}
}
.alt li {
--n:6;
}
<ul>
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
<ul class="alt">
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
示例30deg
li {
display: inline-block;
width: calc((20px / 0.5) * var(--n,8)); /*cos(60deg) = 0.5*/
height: 50px;
margin-bottom:10px;
background-color: blue;
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(30deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
background-size: 200% 100%;
background-color: blue;
animation: loading-slide 3s linear infinite;
}
@keyframes loading-slide {
from {
background-position: left;
}
to {
background-position: right;
}
}
.alt li {
--n:12;
}
<ul>
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
<ul class="alt">
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
示例 80deg
li {
display: inline-block;
width: calc((20px / 0.9848) * var(--n,8)); /*cos(10deg) = 0.9848*/
height: 50px;
margin-bottom:10px;
background-color: blue;
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(80deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
background-size: 200% 100%;
background-color: blue;
animation: loading-slide 3s linear infinite;
}
@keyframes loading-slide {
from {
background-position: left;
}
to {
background-position: right;
}
}
.alt li {
--n:12;
}
<ul>
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
<ul class="alt">
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
您可以清楚地识别 X=+/-90deg
(垂直条纹)的简单情况,我们将得到 cos(0)=1
,因此公式将为 20px * N
。此外,当 X=0
(水平条纹)时,我们将得到 cos(90deg) = 0
并且任何宽度都可以使用,因为没有垂直图案(公式不再定义)
li {
display: inline-block;
width: calc(20px * var(--n,8));
height: 50px;
margin-bottom:10px;
background-color: blue;
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
background-size: 200% 100%;
background-color: blue;
animation: loading-slide 3s linear infinite;
}
@keyframes loading-slide {
from {
background-position: left;
}
to {
background-position: right;
}
}
.alt li {
background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
}
<ul>
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
<ul class="alt">
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
[-90deg,90deg]
之外的值呢?
上面的范围已经涵盖了 180deg
,因为我们处理的是对称的东西,所以所有的值都可以在这个范围内表示。
示例:110deg
与 -70deg
相同
li {
display: inline-block;
width: calc((20px / 0.9396) * var(--n,8)); /*cos(20deg) = 0.9396*/
height: 50px;
margin-bottom:10px;
background-color: blue;
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(110deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
background-size: 200% 100%;
background-color: blue;
animation: loading-slide 3s linear infinite;
}
.alt li {
--n:12;
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-70deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
}
@keyframes loading-slide {
from {
background-position: left;
}
to {
background-position: right;
}
}
<ul>
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
<ul class="alt">
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
示例:-150deg
与 30deg
相同
li {
display: inline-block;
width: calc((20px / 0.5) * var(--n,4)); /*cos(60deg) = 0.5*/
height: 50px;
margin-bottom:10px;
background-color: blue;
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-150deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
background-size: 200% 100%;
background-color: blue;
animation: loading-slide 3s linear infinite;
}
.alt li {
--n:6;
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(30deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
}
@keyframes loading-slide {
from {
background-position: left;
}
to {
background-position: right;
}
}
<ul>
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
<ul class="alt">
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
基本上我们 add/remove 180deg
直到我们进入 [-90deg,90deg]
以便能够应用公式。
查看此答案以了解有关 background-size
/background-position
工作原理的更多详细信息:Using percentage values with background-position on a linear-gradient
另一种方法
这是一个完全不同的想法,您可以依靠 skew
转换和伪元素。这里的技巧是您不必根据条纹定义宽度,但条纹将遵循您定义的宽度,因此更容易处理。
li {
display: inline-block;
width: calc( 20px * 3); /* it's only 20px * N */
height: 50px;
margin-bottom:10px;
background-color: blue;
position:relative;
z-index:0;
overflow:hidden
}
li::before {
content:"";
position:absolute;
top:0;
bottom:0;
left:0;
width:400%;
/*we keep 0deg in the gradient*/
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
transform:skewX(30deg);
transform-origin:bottom left;
animation: loading-slide 4s linear infinite;
}
@keyframes loading-slide {
to {
transform: translateX(-50%) skewX(30deg);
}
}
.alt li {
width: calc( 20px * 6);
}
<ul>
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
<ul class="alt">
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
如你所见,我们保持垂直渐变,我们根据渐变的宽度定义元素的宽度。我们使伪元素足够大,并在其上应用翻译。唯一需要调整的就是倾斜变换来控制度数。
使用这种方法,您还将获得更好的性能,因为您将动画转换而不是 background-size
。
更多示例:
li {
display: inline-block;
width: calc( 20px * var(--n,3)); /* it's only 20px * N */
height: 50px;
margin-bottom:10px;
background-color: blue;
position:relative;
z-index:0;
overflow:hidden
}
li::before {
content:"";
position:absolute;
top:0;
bottom:0;
left:-400%;
right:-800%;
/*we keep 0deg in the gradient*/
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
transform:skewX(var(--d,30deg));
animation: loading-slide 12s linear infinite;
}
@keyframes loading-slide {
to {
transform: translateX(-50%) skewX(var(--d,30deg));
}
}
<ul>
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
<ul style="--n:6;--d:45deg">
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
<ul style="--n:8;--d:-70deg">
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
<ul style="--n:8;--d:30deg">
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
我正在尝试创建一个动画重复图案(水平滑动的对角条纹),作为加载块的占位符(在本例中为 li
)。
如何制作动画 smooth/continuous 给人一种图案无限滑动的错觉?
- 如何计算元素
width
使图案连续? (条纹不应该看起来 broken/interrupted)。 - 如何让它看起来像不是重新启动而是无限滑动的循环? (100% 帧应该毫无故障地传递到 0% 帧)
我的目标是 class 我可以添加到任何块中,并且在视觉上看起来像 loading/processing。
注:无JS;纯 CSS.
li {
display: inline-block;
width: calc(20px * 8); /* how to calculate this, relative to the width (of the pattern or the step), to achieve pattern continuity exactly?
Of course without doing trying&error to know it should be 24.75px * 8.
*/
height: 200px;
background-color: blue;
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
animation: loading-slide 1s linear infinite;
}
@keyframes loading-slide {
from { background-position: 0% 0% }
to { background-position: 100% 0% }
}
<ul>
<li>test
<li>test
</ul>
正确的公式应该是(20px / cos(45deg)) * N
。然后你可以使 background-size
成为 200% 100%
(比元素大两倍)并从左到右设置动画:
li {
display: inline-block;
width: calc( (20px / 0.707) * 3); /*cos(45deg) = 0.707*/
height: 50px;
margin-bottom:10px;
background-color: blue;
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
background-size: 200% 100%;
background-color: blue;
animation: loading-slide 3s linear infinite;
}
@keyframes loading-slide {
from {
background-position: left;
}
to {
background-position: right;
}
}
.alt li {
width: calc( (20px / 0.707) * 6);
}
<ul>
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
<ul class="alt">
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
你可以考虑任何程度,并根据需要调整公式。 (20px / cos(90deg - |Xdeg|)) * N
X
在 -90deg
和 90deg
示例-60deg
li {
display: inline-block;
width: calc((20px / 0.866) * var(--n,3)); /*cos(30deg) = 0.866*/
height: 50px;
margin-bottom:10px;
background-color: blue;
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-60deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
background-size: 200% 100%;
background-color: blue;
animation: loading-slide 3s linear infinite;
}
@keyframes loading-slide {
from {
background-position: left;
}
to {
background-position: right;
}
}
.alt li {
--n:6;
}
<ul>
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
<ul class="alt">
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
示例30deg
li {
display: inline-block;
width: calc((20px / 0.5) * var(--n,8)); /*cos(60deg) = 0.5*/
height: 50px;
margin-bottom:10px;
background-color: blue;
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(30deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
background-size: 200% 100%;
background-color: blue;
animation: loading-slide 3s linear infinite;
}
@keyframes loading-slide {
from {
background-position: left;
}
to {
background-position: right;
}
}
.alt li {
--n:12;
}
<ul>
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
<ul class="alt">
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
示例 80deg
li {
display: inline-block;
width: calc((20px / 0.9848) * var(--n,8)); /*cos(10deg) = 0.9848*/
height: 50px;
margin-bottom:10px;
background-color: blue;
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(80deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
background-size: 200% 100%;
background-color: blue;
animation: loading-slide 3s linear infinite;
}
@keyframes loading-slide {
from {
background-position: left;
}
to {
background-position: right;
}
}
.alt li {
--n:12;
}
<ul>
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
<ul class="alt">
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
您可以清楚地识别 X=+/-90deg
(垂直条纹)的简单情况,我们将得到 cos(0)=1
,因此公式将为 20px * N
。此外,当 X=0
(水平条纹)时,我们将得到 cos(90deg) = 0
并且任何宽度都可以使用,因为没有垂直图案(公式不再定义)
li {
display: inline-block;
width: calc(20px * var(--n,8));
height: 50px;
margin-bottom:10px;
background-color: blue;
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
background-size: 200% 100%;
background-color: blue;
animation: loading-slide 3s linear infinite;
}
@keyframes loading-slide {
from {
background-position: left;
}
to {
background-position: right;
}
}
.alt li {
background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
}
<ul>
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
<ul class="alt">
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
[-90deg,90deg]
之外的值呢?
上面的范围已经涵盖了 180deg
,因为我们处理的是对称的东西,所以所有的值都可以在这个范围内表示。
示例:110deg
与 -70deg
li {
display: inline-block;
width: calc((20px / 0.9396) * var(--n,8)); /*cos(20deg) = 0.9396*/
height: 50px;
margin-bottom:10px;
background-color: blue;
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(110deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
background-size: 200% 100%;
background-color: blue;
animation: loading-slide 3s linear infinite;
}
.alt li {
--n:12;
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-70deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
}
@keyframes loading-slide {
from {
background-position: left;
}
to {
background-position: right;
}
}
<ul>
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
<ul class="alt">
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
示例:-150deg
与 30deg
li {
display: inline-block;
width: calc((20px / 0.5) * var(--n,4)); /*cos(60deg) = 0.5*/
height: 50px;
margin-bottom:10px;
background-color: blue;
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-150deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
background-size: 200% 100%;
background-color: blue;
animation: loading-slide 3s linear infinite;
}
.alt li {
--n:6;
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(30deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
}
@keyframes loading-slide {
from {
background-position: left;
}
to {
background-position: right;
}
}
<ul>
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
<ul class="alt">
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
基本上我们 add/remove 180deg
直到我们进入 [-90deg,90deg]
以便能够应用公式。
查看此答案以了解有关 background-size
/background-position
工作原理的更多详细信息:Using percentage values with background-position on a linear-gradient
另一种方法
这是一个完全不同的想法,您可以依靠 skew
转换和伪元素。这里的技巧是您不必根据条纹定义宽度,但条纹将遵循您定义的宽度,因此更容易处理。
li {
display: inline-block;
width: calc( 20px * 3); /* it's only 20px * N */
height: 50px;
margin-bottom:10px;
background-color: blue;
position:relative;
z-index:0;
overflow:hidden
}
li::before {
content:"";
position:absolute;
top:0;
bottom:0;
left:0;
width:400%;
/*we keep 0deg in the gradient*/
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
transform:skewX(30deg);
transform-origin:bottom left;
animation: loading-slide 4s linear infinite;
}
@keyframes loading-slide {
to {
transform: translateX(-50%) skewX(30deg);
}
}
.alt li {
width: calc( 20px * 6);
}
<ul>
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
<ul class="alt">
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
如你所见,我们保持垂直渐变,我们根据渐变的宽度定义元素的宽度。我们使伪元素足够大,并在其上应用翻译。唯一需要调整的就是倾斜变换来控制度数。
使用这种方法,您还将获得更好的性能,因为您将动画转换而不是 background-size
。
更多示例:
li {
display: inline-block;
width: calc( 20px * var(--n,3)); /* it's only 20px * N */
height: 50px;
margin-bottom:10px;
background-color: blue;
position:relative;
z-index:0;
overflow:hidden
}
li::before {
content:"";
position:absolute;
top:0;
bottom:0;
left:-400%;
right:-800%;
/*we keep 0deg in the gradient*/
background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, transparent 10px, black 10px, black 20px);
transform:skewX(var(--d,30deg));
animation: loading-slide 12s linear infinite;
}
@keyframes loading-slide {
to {
transform: translateX(-50%) skewX(var(--d,30deg));
}
}
<ul>
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
<ul style="--n:6;--d:45deg">
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
<ul style="--n:8;--d:-70deg">
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>
<ul style="--n:8;--d:30deg">
<li>test</li><li>test</li>
</ul>