如何遍历文件夹中的每个文件，对文件执行一些操作并将输出保存到另一个文件夹中的文件 Python

Question

我有一个包含多个文件的文件夹，如下所示：

1980

1981

1982

这些文件中的每一个都有一些文本。我想遍历每个文件并对每个文件执行一些操作，然后将编辑后的文件保存到另一个文件夹并移至下一个文件，依此类推。结果将是我有原始文件夹，然后是另一个文件夹，其中包含每个文件的编辑版本，如下所示：

1980_filtered

1981_filtered

1982_filtered

可以这样做吗？

目前我有一些代码循环遍历文件夹中的文件，对每个文件进行一些过滤，然后将每个文件的所有编辑保存到一个大文件中。这是我的代码：

import os
input_location = 'C:/Users/User/Desktop/mini_mouse'
output_location = 'C:/Users/User/Desktop/filter_mini_mouse/mouse'
for root, dir, files in os.walk(input_location):
    for file in files:
        os.chdir(input_location)
        with open(file, 'r') as f, open('NLTK-stop-word-list', 'r') as f2:
            mouse_file = f.read().split()  # reads file and splits it into a list
            stopwords = f2.read().split()
            x = (' '.join(i for i in mouse_file if i.lower() not in (x.lower() for x in stopwords)))
            with open(output_location, 'a') as output_file:
                output_file.write(x)

如有任何帮助，我们将不胜感激！

Answer 1

您需要指定每个新文件的名称。为此，Python 有一些很好的字符串格式化方法。幸运的是，你想要的新文件名很容易在循环中完成

import os
input_location = 'C:/Users/User/Desktop/mini_mouse'
output_location = 'C:/Users/User/Desktop/filter_mini_mouse/mouse'
for root, dir, files in os.walk(input_location):
    for file in files:
        new_file = "{}_filtered.txt".format(file)
        os.chdir(input_location)
        with open(file, 'r') as f, open('NLTK-stop-word-list', 'r') as f2:
            mouse_file = f.read().split()  
            stopwords = f2.read().split()
            x = (' '.join(i for i in mouse_file if i.lower() not in (x.lower() for x in stopwords)))
            with open(output_location+'/'+new_file, 'w') as output_file: # Changed 'append' to 'write'
                output_file.write(x)

如果您使用的是 Python 3.7，则可以

new_file = f"{file}_filtered.txt"

和

with open(f"{output_location}/{new_file}", 'w') as output_file:
    output_file.write(x)

Answer 2

首先你应该先打开 NLTK-stop-word-list 一次，所以我把它移到了你的循环之外。其次，os.chdir() 是多余的，您可以使用 os.path.join() 获取当前文件路径（并构建新文件路径）：

import os
input_location = 'C:/Users/User/Desktop/mini_mouse'
output_location = 'C:/Users/User/Desktop/filter_mini_mouse/'
stop_words_path = 'C:/Users/User/Desktop/NLTK-stop-word-list.txt'
with open(stop_words_path, 'r') as stop_words:
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(input_location):
        for name in files:
            file_path = os.path.join(root, name)
            with open(file_path, 'r') as f:
                mouse_file = f.read().split()  # reads file and splits it into a list
                stopwords = stop_words.read().split()
                x = (' '.join(i for i in mouse_file if i.lower() not in (x.lower() for x in stopwords)))
                new_file_path = os.path.join(output_location, name) + '_filtered'
                with open(new_file_path, 'a') as output_file:
                    output_file.write(x)

P.S：我冒昧地更改了您的一些变量名称，因为它们是 python 内置词（'file' 和 'dir'）的一部分.如果你运行 __builtins__.__dict__.keys() 你会在那里看到它们。

如何遍历文件夹中的每个文件，对文件执行一些操作并将输出保存到另一个文件夹中的文件 Python

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