用于 POST 方法 json 格式输出的嵌套序列化程序的 Django Rest Framework（已删除只读）

Question

我想创建一个关于学生 class 出勤的应用程序，格式如下。我在这样的 GET 请求中得到了我需要的实际输出响应。

[
    {
        "id": 1,
        "present": "Yes",
        "schedule": {
            "id": 2,
            "schedule_date": "2019-02-28",
            "start_time": "2019-02-28T11:00:00Z",
            "end_time": "2019-02-28T11:45:00Z",
            "description": "new schedule",
            "class_name": 2,
            "class_room": 1,
            "subject": 2,
            "teacher": 3
        },
        "student": {
            "id": 2,
            "username": "student",
            "email": "",
            "first_name": "rakhi",
            "last_name": "sawant"
        }
    },
    {
        "id": 2,
        "present": "No",
        "schedule": {
            "id": 2,
            "schedule_date": "2019-02-28",
            "start_time": "2019-02-28T11:00:00Z",
            "end_time": "2019-02-28T11:45:00Z",
            "description": "new schedule",
            "class_name": 2,
            "class_room": 1,
            "subject": 2,
            "teacher": 3
        },
        "student": {
            "id": 5,
            "username": "roshanritik",
            "email": "ritik@gmail.com",
            "first_name": "Ritik",
            "last_name": "Roshan"
        }
    }
]

但是在 POST 请求的情况下，我没有得到我实际需要的格式。我已经给出了这样的输入请求

{
 "present" : "Yes",
 "student" : {
  "id" : 1
 },
 "schedule" :{
  "id" : 2
 }
}

并希望 POST 的输出与上述 GET 响应相同。

这是我的Model.py

class Schedule(models.Model):
    schedule_date = models.DateField()
    start_time = models.DateTimeField()
    end_time = models.DateTimeField()
    description = models.CharField(max_length=200)
    class_name = models.ForeignKey(ClassName, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    class_room = models.ForeignKey(ClassRoom, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    subject = models.ForeignKey(Subject, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    teacher = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.description

# Student's Attendance Table

class Attendance(models.Model):
    present = EnumField(choices=['Yes', 'No'])
    student = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    schedule = models.ForeignKey(Schedule, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.present

    class Meta:
        unique_together = ('student', 'schedule')

serializer.py

class AttendanceSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    schedule = ScheduleSerializers(many=False, required=False)
    student = UserSerializer(many=False, required=False)

   
    class Meta:
        model = Attendance
        fields = ('id', 'present', 'schedule', 'student')

        def create(self, validated_data):
            schedule_data = validated_data.pop('schedule')
            schedule = SchedulePartialSerializers.create(SchedulePartialSerializers(), validated_data=schedule_data)

            student_data = validated_data.pop('student')
            student = UserPartialSerializers.create(UserPartialSerializers(), validated_data=student_data)

            attendance, created = Attendance.objects.update_or_create(schedule=schedule,  student=student,
                                                                    present=validated_data.pop('present'))
            return attendance

Views.py

class AttendanceView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = Attendance.objects.all()
    serializer_class = AttendanceSerializers

    def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        write_serializer = AttendanceSerializers(data=request.data)
        write_serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        instance = self.perform_create(write_serializer)

        read_serializer = AttendanceSerializers(instance)

        return Response(read_serializer.data)

userserializer

class UserSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ('id', 'first_name')

ScheduleSerializer

class ScheduleSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Schedule
        fields = "__all__"

请检查代码。会有帮助。

Answer 1

我们更改了一些代码，例如 Model.py

class Attendance(models.Model):
    present = EnumField(choices=['Yes', 'No'])
    student = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    schedule = models.ForeignKey(Schedule, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.present

在Serializer.py

class ScheduleSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Schedule
        fields = "__all__"


class UserPartialSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ('id', 'first_name')


class AttendanceSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Attendance
        fields = '__all__'


class AttendanceScheduleSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    schedule = ScheduleSerializers(many=False)
    student = UserSerializer(many=False)

    class Meta:
        model = Attendance
        fields = ('id', 'present', 'schedule', 'student',)

最需要的东西是View.py 实际数据正在按我们实际想要的所需格式序列化

class AttendanceView(APIView):

    def get(self, request, format=None):
        a_list = Attendance.objects.all()
        serializer = AttendanceScheduleSerializers(a_list, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)

    def post(self, request, format=None):
        present = request.data.get("present")
        schedule = request.data['schedule']['id']
        student = request.data['student']['id']
        data = {'student': student, 'schedule': schedule, 'present': present}
        serializer = AttendanceSerializers(data=data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)

下面在Views.py需要导入上面

from api.serializers import UserSerializer,AttendanceSerializer, ScheduleSerializer, AttendanceScheduleSerializer

终于得到输出

用于 POST 方法 json 格式输出的嵌套序列化程序的 Django Rest Framework（已删除只读）

Django Rest Framework for nested serializer for POST method json format output (already removed read-only)

python

django-models

django-rest-framework

jsonresponse