init() 得到了意外的关键字参数 'y'

Question

我正在学习这本书，'Python Programming For The Absolute Beginner' 并决定通过制作自己的游戏来测试我的一些技能。游戏基本上是 "don't get hit by the flying spikes"，我遇到了一个问题。当运行它与此代码：

class Player(games.Sprite):
    """The player that must dodge the spikes."""

    def update(self):
        """Move to the mouse."""
        self.x = games.mouse.x
        self.y = games.mouse.y
        self.check_collide()

    def check_collide(self):
        """Check for a collision with the spikes."""
        for spike in self.overlapping_sprites:
            spike.handle_collide()


def main():


    pig_image = games.load_image("Mr_Pig.png")
    the_pig = Player(image = pig_image,
                     x = games.mouse.x,
                     y = games.mouse.y)
    games.screen.add(the_pig)
    games.mouse.is_visible = False
    games.screen.event_grab = True

    games.screen.mainloop()

main()

我没问题。但是当我想使用'init'时，就像在这段代码中：

class Player(games.Sprite):
    """The player that must dodge the spikes."""

    def update(self):
        """Move to the mouse."""
        self.x = games.mouse.x
        self.y = games.mouse.y
        self.check_collide()

    def check_collide(self):
        """Check for a collision with the spikes."""
        for spike in self.overlapping_sprites:
            spike.handle_collide()

    def __init__(self):
        """A test!"""
        print("Test.")


def main():

    pig_image = games.load_image("Mr_Pig.png")
    the_pig = Player(image = pig_image,
                     x = games.mouse.x,
                     y = games.mouse.y)
    games.screen.add(the_pig)
    games.mouse.is_visible = False
    games.screen.event_grab = True

    games.screen.mainloop()

main()

我在运行游戏时遇到此错误：

File "run.py", line 85, in main
    y = games.mouse.y)
TypeError: __init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'y'.

Answer 1

这一行：

the_pig = Player(image = pig_image,
                 x = games.mouse.x,
                 y = games.mouse.y)

（有点）等同于：

the_pig = Player.__init__(image = pig_image,
                 x = games.mouse.x,
                 y = games.mouse.y)

这意味着您的 __init__ 应该接受参数 image、x 和 y，但您将其定义为：

def __init__(self):
    """A test!"""
    print("Test.")

如果你想简单地传递所有的参数，你可以这样做：

def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
    super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
    """A test!"""
    print("Test.")

这使用 * and ** syntax to get all the arguments and keyword arguments and then uses super 调用带有这些参数的超级类 __init__。

备选方案（更多工作）是：

def __init__(self, image, x, y):
    super().__init__(image=image, x=x, y=y)
    """A test!"""
    print("Test.")

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