什么与 BigQuery 中的 OTRANSLATE 等效？

Question

我正在尝试在使用 Teradata 的 OTRANSLATE function 的 BigQuery 中将查询转换为运行。例如，

SELECT OTRANSLATE(text, 'ehlo', 'EHLO')
FROM (
  SELECT 'hello world' AS text UNION ALL
  SELECT 'elliott'
);

这应该产生：

HELLO wOrLd
ELLiOtt

有没有什么方法可以在 BigQuery 中表达这个函数？看起来没有直接的等价物。

Answer 1

是的，您可以对字符串使用数组运算来执行此操作。这是一种解决方案：

CREATE TEMP FUNCTION OTRANSLATE(s STRING, key STRING, value STRING) AS (
  (SELECT
     STRING_AGG(
       IFNULL(
         (SELECT value[OFFSET(
            SELECT o FROM UNNEST(SPLIT(key, '')) AS k WITH OFFSET o2
            WHERE k = c)]
         ),
         c),
       '' ORDER BY o1)
   FROM UNNEST(SPLIT(s, '')) AS c WITH OFFSET o1)
  )
);

SELECT OTRANSLATE(text, 'ehlo', 'EHLO')
FROM (
  SELECT 'hello world' AS text UNION ALL
  SELECT 'elliott'
);

思路是在value字符串中查找与key字符串相同位置的字符。如果 key 字符串中没有匹配的字符，我们将得到一个空偏移量，因此 IFNULL 的第二个参数导致它成为 return 未映射的字符。然后我们聚合回一个字符串，按字符偏移量排序。

编辑：这里有一个变体，它也处理键和值长度的差异：

CREATE TEMP FUNCTION otranslate(s STRING, key STRING, value STRING) AS (
  IF(LENGTH(key) < LENGTH(value) OR LENGTH(s) < LENGTH(key), s,
  (SELECT
     STRING_AGG(
       IFNULL(
         (SELECT ARRAY_CONCAT([c], SPLIT(value, ''))[SAFE_OFFSET((
            SELECT IFNULL(MIN(o2) + 1, 0) FROM UNNEST(SPLIT(key, '')) AS k WITH OFFSET o2
            WHERE k = c))]
         ),
         ''),
       '' ORDER BY o1)
   FROM UNNEST(SPLIT(s, '')) AS c WITH OFFSET o1
  ))
);
SELECT
  otranslate("hello world", "", "EHLO") AS empty_from, -- 'hello world'
  otranslate("hello world", "hello world1", "EHLO") AS larger_from_than_source, -- 'hello world'
  otranslate("hello world", "ehlo", "EHLO") AS equal_size_from_to, -- 'HELLO wOrLd'
  otranslate("hello world", "ehlo", "EH") AS larger_size_from, -- 'HE wrd'
  otranslate("hello world", "ehlo", "EHLOPQ") AS larger_size_to, -- 'hello world'
  otranslate("hello world", "ehlo", "") AS empty_to; -- 'wrd'

Answer 2

另一种略有不同的方法（BigQuery 标准 SQL）

#standardSQL
CREATE TEMP FUNCTION OTRANSLATE(text STRING, from_string STRING, to_string STRING) AS ((
  SELECT STRING_AGG(IFNULL(y, a), '' ORDER BY pos)
  FROM UNNEST(SPLIT(text, '')) a WITH OFFSET pos
  LEFT JOIN (
    SELECT x, y
    FROM UNNEST(SPLIT(from_string, '')) x WITH OFFSET
    JOIN UNNEST(SPLIT(to_string, '')) y WITH OFFSET
    USING(OFFSET)
  )
  ON a = x
));
WITH `project.dataset.table` AS (
  SELECT 'hello world' AS text UNION ALL
  SELECT 'elliott'
)
SELECT text, OTRANSLATE(text, 'ehlo', 'EHLO') as new_text
FROM `project.dataset.table`

输出

Row     text            new_text     
1       hello world     HELLO wOrLd  
2       elliott         ELLiOtt

注意：以上版本假定 from 和 to 字符串长度相等，并且 from 字符串中没有重复字符

Update to follow up on "expanded expectations" for the version of that function in BigQuery

#standardSQL
CREATE TEMP FUNCTION OTRANSLATE(text STRING, from_string STRING, to_string STRING) AS ((
  SELECT STRING_AGG(IFNULL(y, a), '' ORDER BY pos)
  FROM UNNEST(SPLIT(text, '')) a WITH OFFSET pos
  LEFT JOIN (
    SELECT x, ARRAY_AGG(IFNULL(y, '') ORDER BY OFFSET LIMIT 1)[OFFSET(0)] y
    FROM UNNEST(SPLIT(from_string, '')) x WITH OFFSET
    LEFT JOIN UNNEST(SPLIT(to_string, '')) y WITH OFFSET
    USING(OFFSET)
    GROUP BY x
  )
  ON a = x
));
SELECT -- text, OTRANSLATE(text, 'ehlo', 'EHLO') as new_text
  OTRANSLATE("hello world", "", "EHLO") AS empty_from, -- 'hello world'
  OTRANSLATE("hello world", "hello world1", "EHLO") AS larger_from_than_source, -- 'EHLLL'
  OTRANSLATE("hello world", "ehlo", "EHLO") AS equal_size_from_to, -- 'HELLO wOrLd'
  OTRANSLATE("hello world", "ehlo", "EH") AS larger_size_from, -- 'HE wrd'
  OTRANSLATE("hello world", "ehlo", "EHLOPQ") AS larger_size_to, -- 'hello world'
  OTRANSLATE("hello world", "ehlo", "") AS empty_to; -- 'wrd'

结果

Row empty_from  larger_from_than_source equal_size_from_to  larger_size_from    larger_size_to  empty_to     
1   hello world EHLLL                   HELLO wOrLd             HE wrd          HELLO wOrLd     wrd    
.

注意：此函数的 Teradata 版本是递归的，因此当前实现不是 Teradata 的 OTRANSLATE 的精确实现

Usage Notes (from teradata documentation)
If the first character in from_string occurs in the source_string, all occurrences of it are replaced by the first character in to_string. This repeats for all characters in from_string and for all characters in from_string. The replacement is performed character-by-character, that is, the replacement of the second character is done on the string resulting from the replacement of the first character.

这可以很容易地用 JS UDF 实现，这是微不足道的，我想我不会朝这个方向发展 :o)

什么与 BigQuery 中的 OTRANSLATE 等效？

What is an equivalent to OTRANSLATE in BigQuery?

google-bigquery

teradata

bigquery-standard-sql