为什么 CreateFileA 仅在可执行文件为 Visual Studio 下的 运行 时失败?

Why is CreateFileA failing only when the executable is run under Visual Studio?

我使用 WinAPI 编写了一个简单的 check_file_ref 函数来检查两个路径是否引用同一个文件。代码很好。它是用 Visual Studio 2017 在 C 中编译的(标志 /TC)。

奇怪的是CreateFileA(winapi)在Visual Studio下的可执行文件运行时总是失败(即执行不调试),返回一个无效的文件句柄。否则,当可执行文件位于 Visual Studio.

之外的 运行 时,它会按预期工作

工作目录在任何情况下都是相同的。

main.c:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <windows.h>

/**
 * Check whether two paths reference the same file.
 * @param p1 File path 1.
 * @param p2 File path 2.
 * @return 0 same file, 1 different files, < 0 on failure.
 */
int
check_file_ref(char const * p1, char const * p2)
{
    if ( !p1 || !p2 )
        return -1;
    if ( p1 == p2 )
        return 0;
    if ( strcmp(p1, p2) == 0 )
        return 0;

    int ret;
    DWORD share, flags;
    HANDLE f1, f2;
    BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION s1, s2;

    ret = -1;
    share = FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE;
    flags = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;

    f1 = CreateFileA(p1, GENERIC_READ, share, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, flags, NULL);
    f2 = CreateFileA(p2, GENERIC_READ, share, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, flags, NULL);

    if ( f1 == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open %s file, error %d\n", p1, GetLastError());
        goto cleanup;
    }
    if ( f2 == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open %s file, error %d\n", p2, GetLastError());
        goto cleanup;
    }
    if ( GetFileInformationByHandle(f1, &s1) == 0 ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not get %s file information, error %d\n", p1, GetLastError());
        goto cleanup;
    }
    if ( GetFileInformationByHandle(f2, &s2) == 0 ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not get %s file information, error %d\n", p2, GetLastError());
        goto cleanup;
    }

/*
    The identifier (low and high parts) and the volume serial number uniquely
    identify a file on a single computer. To determine whether two open handles
    represent the same file, combine the identifier and the volume serial number
    for each file and compare them.

    See
    https://docs.microsoft.com/fr-fr/windows/desktop/api/fileapi/nf-fileapi-getfileinformationbyhandle
    https://docs.microsoft.com/fr-fr/windows/desktop/api/fileapi/ns-fileapi-_by_handle_file_information
*/
    ret = !(s1.dwVolumeSerialNumber == s2.dwVolumeSerialNumber
        &&  s1.nFileIndexLow == s2.nFileIndexLow
        && s1.nFileIndexHigh == s2.nFileIndexHigh);

cleanup:
    CloseHandle(f2);
    CloseHandle(f1);
    return ret;
}


int main()
{
    int ret;
    char workingDir[256];

    /* Both paths reference the same file.
       One is relative, the other absolute. */
    char * p1 = "hello.txt";
    char * p2 = "C:/Users/bro/source/repos/tests/x64/Debug/hello.txt";

    ret = GetModuleFileNameA(NULL, workingDir, sizeof(workingDir));
    printf("working dir: %s\n", (ret == 0 ? "err" : workingDir));

    /* Should return 0. */
    ret = check_file_ref(p1, p2);
    printf("p1: %s\n", p1);
    printf("p2: %s\n", p2);
    printf("check_file_ret ret %d ", ret);

    if      ( ret == 0 ) printf("(same file)\n");
    else if ( ret == 1 ) printf("(different files)\n");
    else                 printf("(error)\n");

    return 0;
}

可视化下可执行运行:

CreateFileA fails

可直接从命令行 运行 执行:

CreateFileA works

为什么 CreateFileA 仅当可执行文件是 Visual Studio 下的 运行 时才会失败?

当您 运行 来自 VisualStudio 的应用程序时,默认工作目录是项目位置,它由 VS 宏 $(ProjectDir) 定义。您可以通过打开项目属性来更改它:从上下文菜单中右键单击 Solution Explorer 和 select Properties 中的项目。有selectDebugging和更改Working Directory 属性。例如,在您的情况下,解决方案可能是 $(OutDir) 或所需位置的绝对路径。