Scrapy Spider错误处理正确link
Scrapy Spider error processing correct link
这个蜘蛛中的 start_url 似乎引起了问题，但我不确定为什么。这是项目分解。
import scrapy
from statements.items import StatementsItem
class IncomeannualSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'incomeannual'
start_urls = ['https://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/A/financials']
def parse(self, response):
item = {}
item['ticker'] = response.xpath("//h1[contains(@id, 'instrumentname')]//text()").extract()
item['sales2014'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Sales/Revenue']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['sales2015'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Sales/Revenue']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['sales2016'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Sales/Revenue']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['sales2017'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Sales/Revenue']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['sales2018'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Sales/Revenue']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['sales2014rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Sales Growth']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['sales2015rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Sales Growth']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['sales2016rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Sales Growth']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['sales2017rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding- sibling::td[normalize-space()='Sales Growth']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['sales2018rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Sales Growth']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['cogs2014'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) incl. D&A']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['cogs2015'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) incl. D&A']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['cogs2016'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) incl. D&A']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['cogs2017'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) incl. D&A']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['cogs2018'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) incl. D&A']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['cogs2014rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='COGS Growth']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['cogs2015rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='COGS Growth']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['cogs2016rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='COGS Growth']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['cogs2017rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='COGS Growth']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['cogs2018rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='COGS Growth']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['pretaxincome2014'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Pretax Income']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['pretaxincome2015'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Pretax Income']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['pretaxincome2016'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Pretax Income']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['pretaxincome2017'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Pretax Income']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['pretaxincome2018'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Pretax Income']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['pretaxincome2014rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Pretax Income Growth']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['pretaxincome2015rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Pretax Income Growth']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['pretaxincome2016rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Pretax Income Growth']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['pretaxincome2017rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Pretax Income Growth']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['pretaxincome2018rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Pretax Income Growth']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['netincome2014'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Net Income']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['netincome2015'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Net Income']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['netincome2016'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Net Income']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['netincome2017'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Net Income']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['netincome2018'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Net Income']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['netincome2014rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Net Income Growth']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['netincome2015rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Net Income Growth']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['netincome2016rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Net Income Growth']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['netincome2017rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Net Income Growth']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['netincome2018rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Net Income Growth']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['eps2014'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic)']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['eps2015'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic)']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['eps2016'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic)']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['eps2017'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic)']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['eps2018'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic)']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['eps2014rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) Growth']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['eps2015rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) Growth']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['eps2016rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) Growth']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['eps2017rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) Growth']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['eps2018rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) Growth']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['eps2014altrate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) - Growth']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['eps2015altrate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) - Growth']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['eps2016altrate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) - Growth']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['eps2017altrate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) - Growth']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['eps2018altrate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) - Growth']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['ebitda2014'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EBITDA']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['ebitda2015'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EBITDA']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['ebitda2016'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EBITDA']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['ebitda2017'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EBITDA']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['ebitda2018'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EBITDA']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['ebitda2014rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EBITDA Growth']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['ebitda2015rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EBITDA Growth']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['ebitda2016rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EBITDA Growth']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['ebitda2017rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EBITDA Growth']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['ebitda2018rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EBITDA Growth']]/text()").extract()[4]
yield item
所有的 xpaths 都用 shell 中的 start_url 检查过，似乎工作正常。
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.6.0 started (bot:
statements)
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Versions: lxml 4.3.1.0, libxml2
2.9.5, cssselect 1.0.3, parsel 1.5.1, w3lib 1.20.0, Twisted 18.9.0, Python
3.7.2 (tags/v3.7.2:9a3ffc0492, Dec 23 2018, 23:09:28) [MSC v.1916 64 bit
(AMD64)], pyOpenSSL 19.0.0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1a 20 Nov 2018), cryptography 2.5,
Platform Windows-10-10.0.17763-SP0
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [scrapy.crawler] INFO: Overridden settings: {'BOT_NAME':
'statements', 'FEED_EXPORT_ENCODING': 'utf-8', 'FEED_FORMAT': 'csv',
'FEED_URI': 'sdasda.csv', 'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'statements.spiders',
'ROBOTSTXT_OBEY': True, 'SPIDER_MODULES': ['statements.spiders'],
'USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36
(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.121 Safari/537.36'}
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet Password:
3580241d541f00bb
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
['scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats',
'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole',
'scrapy.extensions.feedexport.FeedExporter',
'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats']
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader
middlewares:
['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.robotstxt.RobotsTxtMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware',
'statements.middlewares.StatementsDownloaderMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
['statements.pipelines.StatementsPipeline']
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0
pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [incomeannual] INFO: Spider opened: incomeannual
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet console
listening on 127.0.0.1:6024
2019-03-17 10:25:07 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET
https://www.marketwatch.com/robots.txt> (referer: None)
2019-03-17 10:25:07 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET
https://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/A/financials> (referer: None)
2019-03-17 10:25:07 [scrapy.core.scraper] ERROR: Spider error processing
<GET https://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/A/financials> (referer:
None)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\users\jesse\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-
packages\scrapy\utils\defer.py", line 102, in iter_errback
yield next(it)
File "c:\users\jesse\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-
packages\scrapy\spidermiddlewares\offsite.py", line 29, in
process_spider_output
for x in result:
File "c:\users\jesse\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-
packages\scrapy\spidermiddlewares\referer.py", line 339, in <genexpr>
return (_set_referer(r) for r in result or ())
File "c:\users\jesse\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-
packages\scrapy\spidermiddlewares\urllength.py", line 37, in <genexpr>
return (r for r in result or () if _filter(r))
File "c:\users\jesse\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-
packages\scrapy\spidermiddlewares\depth.py", line 58, in <genexpr>
return (r for r in result or () if _filter(r))
File "C:\Users\Jesse\Files\Financial\statements\statements\spiders\incomeannual.py",
line 64, in parse
item['eps2014altrate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-
sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) - Growth']]/text()").extract()[0]
IndexError: list index out of range
2019-03-17 10:25:07 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2019-03-17 10:25:07 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'downloader/request_bytes': 636,
'downloader/request_count': 2,
'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 2,
'downloader/response_bytes': 25693,
'downloader/response_count': 2,
'downloader/response_status_count/200': 2,
'finish_reason': 'finished',
'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 17, 14, 25, 7, 786531),
'log_count/DEBUG': 2,
'log_count/ERROR': 1,
'log_count/INFO': 10,
'response_received_count': 2,
'robotstxt/request_count': 1,
'robotstxt/response_count': 1,
'robotstxt/response_status_count/200': 1,
'scheduler/dequeued': 1,
'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 1,
'scheduler/enqueued': 1,
'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 1,
'spider_exceptions/IndexError': 1,
'start_time': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 17, 14, 25, 6, 856319)}
2019-03-17 10:25:07 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (finished)
此站点需要启用 USER_AGENT 设置以允许抓取。我尝试在 settings.py 中指定 headers，但这个蜘蛛实际上将使用超过 5000 个 start_url，我不确定如何将此设置与多个 url 一起使用。我已经将此设置用于多个其他项目，它们运行良好。
任何建议将不胜感激！谢谢！
您日志中的错误是因为特定的 XPath returns 没有（在 scrapy shell 中测试）：
>>> response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) - Growth']]/text()").extract()
[]
>>> response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) - Growth']]/text()").extract()[0]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
IndexError: list index out of range
您需要在获取索引之前检查选择器结果的长度，因为假定索引存在是不安全的。这里有各种shorthand解决方案：Get value at list/array index or "None" if out of range in Python
这是一个例子：
values = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) - Growth']]/text()").extract()
item['eps2014altrate'] = value[0] if 0 < len(values) else None
item['eps2015altrate'] = value[1] if 1 < len(values) else None
item['eps2016altrate'] = value[2] if 2 < len(values) else None
item['eps2017altrate'] = value[3] if 3 < len(values) else None
item['eps2018altrate'] = value[4] if 4 < len(values) else None
你可以通过编写一个辅助函数来让它不那么冗长，比如 this。无论哪种方式，您都应该在任何地方使用此模式，而不仅仅是针对失败的 XPath。
测试时试试这个方法：
try:
item['ticker'] = response.xpath("//..//text()").extract()
except:
item['ticker'] = "-"
try:
item['sales2014'] = response.xpath("//../text()").extract()[0]
except:
item['sales2014'] = "-"
try:
item['sales2015'] = response.xpath("//../text()").extract()[1]
except:
item['sales2015'] = "-"
稍后使用辅助函数优化代码。
这个蜘蛛中的 start_url 似乎引起了问题，但我不确定为什么。这是项目分解。
import scrapy
from statements.items import StatementsItem
class IncomeannualSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'incomeannual'
start_urls = ['https://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/A/financials']
def parse(self, response):
item = {}
item['ticker'] = response.xpath("//h1[contains(@id, 'instrumentname')]//text()").extract()
item['sales2014'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Sales/Revenue']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['sales2015'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Sales/Revenue']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['sales2016'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Sales/Revenue']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['sales2017'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Sales/Revenue']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['sales2018'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Sales/Revenue']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['sales2014rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Sales Growth']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['sales2015rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Sales Growth']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['sales2016rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Sales Growth']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['sales2017rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding- sibling::td[normalize-space()='Sales Growth']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['sales2018rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Sales Growth']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['cogs2014'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) incl. D&A']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['cogs2015'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) incl. D&A']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['cogs2016'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) incl. D&A']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['cogs2017'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) incl. D&A']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['cogs2018'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) incl. D&A']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['cogs2014rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='COGS Growth']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['cogs2015rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='COGS Growth']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['cogs2016rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='COGS Growth']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['cogs2017rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='COGS Growth']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['cogs2018rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='COGS Growth']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['pretaxincome2014'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Pretax Income']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['pretaxincome2015'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Pretax Income']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['pretaxincome2016'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Pretax Income']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['pretaxincome2017'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Pretax Income']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['pretaxincome2018'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Pretax Income']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['pretaxincome2014rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Pretax Income Growth']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['pretaxincome2015rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Pretax Income Growth']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['pretaxincome2016rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Pretax Income Growth']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['pretaxincome2017rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Pretax Income Growth']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['pretaxincome2018rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Pretax Income Growth']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['netincome2014'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Net Income']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['netincome2015'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Net Income']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['netincome2016'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Net Income']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['netincome2017'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Net Income']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['netincome2018'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Net Income']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['netincome2014rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Net Income Growth']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['netincome2015rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Net Income Growth']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['netincome2016rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Net Income Growth']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['netincome2017rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Net Income Growth']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['netincome2018rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='Net Income Growth']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['eps2014'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic)']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['eps2015'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic)']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['eps2016'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic)']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['eps2017'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic)']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['eps2018'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic)']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['eps2014rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) Growth']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['eps2015rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) Growth']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['eps2016rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) Growth']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['eps2017rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) Growth']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['eps2018rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) Growth']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['eps2014altrate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) - Growth']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['eps2015altrate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) - Growth']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['eps2016altrate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) - Growth']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['eps2017altrate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) - Growth']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['eps2018altrate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) - Growth']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['ebitda2014'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EBITDA']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['ebitda2015'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EBITDA']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['ebitda2016'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EBITDA']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['ebitda2017'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EBITDA']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['ebitda2018'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EBITDA']]/text()").extract()[4]
item['ebitda2014rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EBITDA Growth']]/text()").extract()[0]
item['ebitda2015rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EBITDA Growth']]/text()").extract()[1]
item['ebitda2016rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EBITDA Growth']]/text()").extract()[2]
item['ebitda2017rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EBITDA Growth']]/text()").extract()[3]
item['ebitda2018rate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EBITDA Growth']]/text()").extract()[4]
yield item
所有的 xpaths 都用 shell 中的 start_url 检查过，似乎工作正常。
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.6.0 started (bot:
statements)
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Versions: lxml 4.3.1.0, libxml2
2.9.5, cssselect 1.0.3, parsel 1.5.1, w3lib 1.20.0, Twisted 18.9.0, Python
3.7.2 (tags/v3.7.2:9a3ffc0492, Dec 23 2018, 23:09:28) [MSC v.1916 64 bit
(AMD64)], pyOpenSSL 19.0.0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1a 20 Nov 2018), cryptography 2.5,
Platform Windows-10-10.0.17763-SP0
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [scrapy.crawler] INFO: Overridden settings: {'BOT_NAME':
'statements', 'FEED_EXPORT_ENCODING': 'utf-8', 'FEED_FORMAT': 'csv',
'FEED_URI': 'sdasda.csv', 'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'statements.spiders',
'ROBOTSTXT_OBEY': True, 'SPIDER_MODULES': ['statements.spiders'],
'USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36
(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.121 Safari/537.36'}
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet Password:
3580241d541f00bb
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
['scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats',
'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole',
'scrapy.extensions.feedexport.FeedExporter',
'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats']
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader
middlewares:
['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.robotstxt.RobotsTxtMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware',
'statements.middlewares.StatementsDownloaderMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware',
'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware',
'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
['statements.pipelines.StatementsPipeline']
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0
pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [incomeannual] INFO: Spider opened: incomeannual
2019-03-17 10:25:06 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet console
listening on 127.0.0.1:6024
2019-03-17 10:25:07 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET
https://www.marketwatch.com/robots.txt> (referer: None)
2019-03-17 10:25:07 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET
https://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/A/financials> (referer: None)
2019-03-17 10:25:07 [scrapy.core.scraper] ERROR: Spider error processing
<GET https://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/A/financials> (referer:
None)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "c:\users\jesse\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-
packages\scrapy\utils\defer.py", line 102, in iter_errback
yield next(it)
File "c:\users\jesse\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-
packages\scrapy\spidermiddlewares\offsite.py", line 29, in
process_spider_output
for x in result:
File "c:\users\jesse\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-
packages\scrapy\spidermiddlewares\referer.py", line 339, in <genexpr>
return (_set_referer(r) for r in result or ())
File "c:\users\jesse\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-
packages\scrapy\spidermiddlewares\urllength.py", line 37, in <genexpr>
return (r for r in result or () if _filter(r))
File "c:\users\jesse\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-
packages\scrapy\spidermiddlewares\depth.py", line 58, in <genexpr>
return (r for r in result or () if _filter(r))
File "C:\Users\Jesse\Files\Financial\statements\statements\spiders\incomeannual.py",
line 64, in parse
item['eps2014altrate'] = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-
sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) - Growth']]/text()").extract()[0]
IndexError: list index out of range
2019-03-17 10:25:07 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2019-03-17 10:25:07 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'downloader/request_bytes': 636,
'downloader/request_count': 2,
'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 2,
'downloader/response_bytes': 25693,
'downloader/response_count': 2,
'downloader/response_status_count/200': 2,
'finish_reason': 'finished',
'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 17, 14, 25, 7, 786531),
'log_count/DEBUG': 2,
'log_count/ERROR': 1,
'log_count/INFO': 10,
'response_received_count': 2,
'robotstxt/request_count': 1,
'robotstxt/response_count': 1,
'robotstxt/response_status_count/200': 1,
'scheduler/dequeued': 1,
'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 1,
'scheduler/enqueued': 1,
'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 1,
'spider_exceptions/IndexError': 1,
'start_time': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 17, 14, 25, 6, 856319)}
2019-03-17 10:25:07 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (finished)
此站点需要启用 USER_AGENT 设置以允许抓取。我尝试在 settings.py 中指定 headers，但这个蜘蛛实际上将使用超过 5000 个 start_url，我不确定如何将此设置与多个 url 一起使用。我已经将此设置用于多个其他项目，它们运行良好。
任何建议将不胜感激！谢谢！
您日志中的错误是因为特定的 XPath returns 没有（在 scrapy shell 中测试）：
>>> response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) - Growth']]/text()").extract()
[]
>>> response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) - Growth']]/text()").extract()[0]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
IndexError: list index out of range
您需要在获取索引之前检查选择器结果的长度，因为假定索引存在是不安全的。这里有各种shorthand解决方案：Get value at list/array index or "None" if out of range in Python
这是一个例子：
values = response.xpath("//td[./preceding-sibling::td[normalize-space()='EPS (Basic) - Growth']]/text()").extract()
item['eps2014altrate'] = value[0] if 0 < len(values) else None
item['eps2015altrate'] = value[1] if 1 < len(values) else None
item['eps2016altrate'] = value[2] if 2 < len(values) else None
item['eps2017altrate'] = value[3] if 3 < len(values) else None
item['eps2018altrate'] = value[4] if 4 < len(values) else None
你可以通过编写一个辅助函数来让它不那么冗长，比如 this。无论哪种方式，您都应该在任何地方使用此模式，而不仅仅是针对失败的 XPath。
测试时试试这个方法：
try:
item['ticker'] = response.xpath("//..//text()").extract()
except:
item['ticker'] = "-"
try:
item['sales2014'] = response.xpath("//../text()").extract()[0]
except:
item['sales2014'] = "-"
try:
item['sales2015'] = response.xpath("//../text()").extract()[1]
except:
item['sales2015'] = "-"
稍后使用辅助函数优化代码。