python 中的线性搜索代码不起作用并输出错误的文本

Code for linear search in python not working and outputs wrong text

我需要编写一个程序来对句子中的字符进行线性搜索。除了 print().

之外,我必须在不使用任何内置函数的情况下执行此操作

程序应该输出字符所在的索引。

如果该字符不在句子中,则应输出 -1 作为索引。

我的代码输出如下:

Enter a sentence: Hello
Enter a character: e
The character is -1.
The character is 1 on the index.

即使它应该只输出:

Enter a sentence: Hello
Enter a character: e   
The character is 1 on the index.

下面是我的代码:

def linear_search(intList,target):
    found = False
    count = 0
    while count < len(intList):
        if intList[count] == target:
            print("The character is", count, "on the index.")
            found = True
            break
        if intList[count] != target:
            print("The character is -1.")
            count = count + 1

    return count

sentence = input('Enter a sentence: ')
character = input('Enter a character: ')
character_found = linear_search(sentence,character)

非常感谢您的帮助!

问题出在 while 循环中。

行是:

if intList[count] != target:
        print("The character is -1.")
        count = count + 1

这里,如果字符与目标不一样,会立即打印出来"The character is -1"。但是,您想在查看字符串中的每个元素之后执行此操作,而不是在它只遇到一个不相同的字符时执行此操作。

你想要的是它在最后打印,所以你的 linear_search 函数应该看起来更像这样:

def linear_search(intList,target):
    found = False
    count = 0
    while count < len(intList):
        if intList[count] == target:
            print("The character is", count, "on the index.")
            found = True
            return count

        count = count + 1

   print("The character is -1")
   return -1

另一种使用更少代码且没有内置函数的方法是使用 for 循环,如下所示:

def linear_search(intList, target):
    for char in intList:
        if char == target:
           print("The character is", count, "on the index.")
           return count
        count += 1
    print("The character is -1")
    return -1

您的问题是您在检查整个字符串之前输出了不需要的结果。您可以通过简单地检查是否在 while 循环结束后找到字符来轻松解决这个问题。

def linear_search(intList,target):
        found = False
        count = 0
        while count < len(intList):
            if intList[count] == target:
                print("The character is", count, "on the index.")
                found = True
                break
            else: count += 1
        if not found:
            print("The character is -1.")

    return count

sentence = input('Enter a sentence: ')
character = input('Enter a character: ')
character_found = linear_search(sentence,character)