如何遍历由 getter 或 @属性定义的对象的属性？

Question

我知道如何遍历对象的属性。但这不包括通过 getters/setters 或 @属性装饰器实现的属性。

我如何遍历这些？

class MyClass:

    def __init__(self):
        self.foo = "bar"

    @property
    def myprop(self):
        return "hello"


my_instance = MyClass()

for i in my_instance.__dict__:
    print("object has attribute %s" % i)

这个小脚本打印：

object has attribute foo

我想要的是一个打印的脚本：

object has attribute foo
object has attribute myprop

Answer 1

您可以使用 dir() 获取所有属性，尽管这将包括从基础类继承的方法，包括来自对象的所有 dunder 方法：

class MyClass:

    def __init__(self):
        self.foo = "bar"

    @property
    def myprop(self):
        return "hello"


my_instance = MyClass()

for i in dir(my_instance):
    print("object has attribute %s" % i)

打印：

object has attribute __class__
object has attribute __delattr__
object has attribute __dict__
object has attribute __dir__
object has attribute __doc__
object has attribute __eq__
object has attribute __format__
object has attribute __ge__
object has attribute __getattribute__
object has attribute __gt__
object has attribute __hash__
object has attribute __init__
object has attribute __init_subclass__
object has attribute __le__
object has attribute __lt__
object has attribute __module__
object has attribute __ne__
object has attribute __new__
object has attribute __reduce__
object has attribute __reduce_ex__
object has attribute __repr__
object has attribute __setattr__
object has attribute __sizeof__
object has attribute __str__
object has attribute __subclasshook__
object has attribute __weakref__
object has attribute foo
object has attribute myprop

您可以通过字符串操作排除一些：

for i in dir(my_instance):
    if i.startswith("__"):
        continue
    print("object has attribute %s" % i)

打印：

object has attribute foo
object has attribute myprop

Answer 2

您可以在对象 class:

中查找 property 个实例

def get_properties(obj):
    cls = type(obj)
    props = {}
    for k in dir(cls):
        attr = getattr(cls, k)
        # Check that it is a property with a getter
        if isinstance(attr, property) and attr.fget:
            val = attr.fget(obj)
            props[k] = attr.fget(obj)
    return props

class A(object):
    def __init__(self, p):
        self._p = p
    @property
    def p(self):
        return self._p
    p2 = property(fget=lambda self: 2 * self._p)

a = A(1)
a_props = get_properties(a)
print(a_props)
# {'p': 1, 'p2': 2}

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