这个深度优先搜索实现现在是尾递归的吗?

Is this Depth First Search implementation tail recursive now?

我有这个功能来遍历图形:

private def dfs(current: RCell, rCellsMovedWithEdges: Vector[RCell], acc: Vector[RCell] = Vector()): Vector[RCell] = {
    current.edges.foldLeft(acc) {
      (results, next) =>
        if (results.contains(rCellsMovedWithEdges(next))) results
        else dfs(rCellsMovedWithEdges(next), rCellsMovedWithEdges, results :+ current)
    } :+ current
  }

实施取自manuel kiessling here

非常好,但我担心末尾的“:+ current”会使它成为非尾递归。

我改成了这样:

private def dfs(current: RCell, rCellsMovedWithEdges: Vector[RCell]): Vector[RCell] = {

    @annotation.tailrec
    def go(current: RCell, rCellsMovedWithEdges: Vector[RCell], acc: Vector[RCell] = Vector()): Vector[RCell] = {
      current.edges.foldLeft(acc) {
        (results, next) =>
          if (results.contains(rCellsMovedWithEdges(next))) results
          else go(rCellsMovedWithEdges(next), rCellsMovedWithEdges, results :+ current)
      }
    }
    go(current, rCellsMovedWithEdges) :+ current
  }

但是编译器说递归调用不在尾部位置。

leftfold 是否已经是尾递归了?

如果没有,是否有其他方法可以满足我的要求?

它不是尾递归,因为最后一次调用不是go,而是foldLeft。它不可能是相互尾递归的,因为 foldLeft 多次调用 go。很难使 DFS 尾部递归,因为递归算法在很大程度上依赖于调用堆栈来跟踪您在树中的位置。如果你能保证你的树很浅,我建议不要打扰。否则,您将需要传递一个显式堆栈(List 是一个不错的选择)并完全重写您的代码。

如果您想以尾递归方式实现 DFS,您必须手动管理堆栈:

def dfs(start: RCell, rCellsMovedWithEdges: Vector[RCell]): Vector[RCell] = {
  @annotation.tailrec
  def go(stack: List[RCell], visited: Set[RCell], acc: Vector[RCell]): Vector[RCell] = stack match {
    case Nil => acc
    case head :: rest => {
      if (visited.contains(head)) {
        go(rest, visited, acc)
      } else {
        val expanded = head.edges.map(rCellsMovedWithEdges)
        val unvisited = expanded.filterNot(visited.contains)
        go(unvisited ++ rest, visited + head, acc :+ head)
      }
    }
  }
  go(List(start), Set.empty, Vector.empty)
}

奖励:将 unvisited ++ rest 更改为 rest ++ unvisited,您将获得 BFS。