Postgres 提交是否可以存在于具有异常块的过程中?

Can a Postgres Commit Exist in Procedure that has an Exception Block?

我很难理解 Postgres 中的事务。我有一个程序可能会遇到异常。到目前为止,我可能希望在过程的某些部分提交我的工作,以便在出现异常时不会回滚。

我想在过程结束时有一个异常处理块,我在其中捕获异常并将来自异常的信息插入到日志记录中 table。

我已将问题归结为下面的一个简单过程,该过程在 PostgreSQL 11.2 上失败

2D000 cannot commit while a subtransaction is active
PL/pgSQL function x_transaction_try() line 6 at COMMIT
    drop procedure if exists x_transaction_try;
    create or replace procedure x_transaction_try()
        language plpgsql
    as $$
    declare
    begin
         raise notice 'A';
         -- TODO A: do some insert or update that I want to commit no matter what
         commit;
         raise notice 'B';
         -- TODO B: do something else that might raise an exception, without rolling
         -- back the work that we did in "TODO A".
    exception when others then
      declare
        my_ex_state text;
        my_ex_message text;
        my_ex_detail text;
        my_ex_hint text;
        my_ex_ctx text;
      begin
          raise notice 'C';
          GET STACKED DIAGNOSTICS
            my_ex_state   = RETURNED_SQLSTATE,
            my_ex_message = MESSAGE_TEXT,
            my_ex_detail  = PG_EXCEPTION_DETAIL,
            my_ex_hint    = PG_EXCEPTION_HINT,
            my_ex_ctx     = PG_EXCEPTION_CONTEXT
          ;
          raise notice '% % % % %', my_ex_state, my_ex_message, my_ex_detail, my_ex_hint, my_ex_ctx;
          -- TODO C: insert this exception information in a logging table and commit
      end;
    end;
    $$;

    call x_transaction_try();

为什么这个存储过程不起作用?为什么我们从来没有看到 raise notice 'B' 的输出,而是进入了异常块?是否可以使用 Postgres 11 存储过程执行我上面描述的操作?

编辑:这是一个完整的代码示例。将上面的完整代码示例(包括 create procedurecall 语句)粘贴到 sql 文件中,然后将其 运行 粘贴到 Postgres 11.2 数据库中进行重现。期望的输出是函数打印 A 然后 B,但它打印 A 然后 C 以及异常信息。

另请注意,如果您注释掉所有异常处理块,使函数根本不捕获异常,那么函数将输出 'A' 然后 'B' 而不会发生异常。这就是为什么我将问题命名为 'Can a Postgres Commit Exist in Procedure that has an Exception Block?'

问题出在 EXCEPTION 子句上。

这在 PL/pgSQL 中作为 子事务 实现(与 SQL 中的 SAVEPOINT 相同),回滚当到达异常块时。

当子事务处于活动状态时,您不能COMMIT

src/backend/executor/spi.c 中查看此评论:

/*
 * This restriction is required by PLs implemented on top of SPI.  They
 * use subtransactions to establish exception blocks that are supposed to
 * be rolled back together if there is an error.  Terminating the
 * top-level transaction in such a block violates that idea.  A future PL
 * implementation might have different ideas about this, in which case
 * this restriction would have to be refined or the check possibly be
 * moved out of SPI into the PLs.
 */
if (IsSubTransaction())
    ereport(ERROR,
            (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TRANSACTION_TERMINATION),
             errmsg("cannot commit while a subtransaction is active")));

PL/pgSQL 的 error handling 的语义规定:

When an error is caught by an EXCEPTION clause ... all changes to persistent database state within the block are rolled back.

这个是使用子事务实现的,和savepoints基本一样。换句话说,当您 运行 以下 PL/pgSQL 代码时:

BEGIN
  PERFORM foo();
EXCEPTION WHEN others THEN
  PERFORM handle_error();
END

...实际发生的事情是这样的:

BEGIN
  SAVEPOINT a;
  PERFORM foo();
  RELEASE SAVEPOINT a;
EXCEPTION WHEN others THEN
  ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT a;
  PERFORM handle_error();
END

块中的 COMMIT 将完全打破它;您的更改将成为永久性的,保存点将被丢弃,并且异常处理程序将无法回滚。因此,在此上下文中不允许提交,并且尝试执行 COMMIT 将导致 "cannot commit while a subtransaction is active" 错误。

这就是为什么您看到您的过程跳转到异常处理程序而不是 运行 宁 raise notice 'B' 的原因:当它到达 commit 时,它会抛出错误,并且处理程序会捕获它。

虽然这很容易解决。 BEGIN ... END 块可以嵌套,只有带有 EXCEPTION 子句的块涉及设置保存点,因此您可以将提交前后的命令包装在自己的异常处理程序中:

create or replace procedure x_transaction_try() language plpgsql
as $$
declare
  my_ex_state text;
  my_ex_message text;
  my_ex_detail text;
  my_ex_hint text;
  my_ex_ctx text;
begin
  begin
    raise notice 'A';
  exception when others then
    raise notice 'C';
    GET STACKED DIAGNOSTICS
      my_ex_state   = RETURNED_SQLSTATE,
      my_ex_message = MESSAGE_TEXT,
      my_ex_detail  = PG_EXCEPTION_DETAIL,
      my_ex_hint    = PG_EXCEPTION_HINT,
      my_ex_ctx     = PG_EXCEPTION_CONTEXT
    ;
    raise notice '% % % % %', my_ex_state, my_ex_message, my_ex_detail, my_ex_hint, my_ex_ctx;
  end;

  commit;

  begin
    raise notice 'B';
  exception when others then
    raise notice 'C';
    GET STACKED DIAGNOSTICS
      my_ex_state   = RETURNED_SQLSTATE,
      my_ex_message = MESSAGE_TEXT,
      my_ex_detail  = PG_EXCEPTION_DETAIL,
      my_ex_hint    = PG_EXCEPTION_HINT,
      my_ex_ctx     = PG_EXCEPTION_CONTEXT
    ;
    raise notice '% % % % %', my_ex_state, my_ex_message, my_ex_detail, my_ex_hint, my_ex_ctx;
  end;      
end;
$$;

不幸的是,它确实会导致错误处理程序中出现大量重复,但我想不出避免它的好方法。