能源消耗最大化

Question

提供了三种食物，即肉、蛋糕和披萨和 N 个不同的商店出售它，我只能从中挑选一种食物每家商店。此外，我只能购买 A、B 和 C 编号的商品，其中 'A' 表示来自 'A' 家不同商店的肉类（参见示例）。我的任务是消耗食物，这样我才能拥有最大的能量。例如，

10            <= number of stores <br>
5 3 2         <= out of 10 stores I can pick meat from 5 stores only. Similarly,
                 I can pick cake from 3 out of 10 stores...
56 44 41    1 <= Energy level of meat, cake and pizza - (56, 44, 41) for first store.<br> 
56 84 45    2
40 98 49    3
91 59 73    4
69 94 42    5
81 64 80    6
55 76 26    7
63 24 22    8
81 60 44    9
52 95 11    10

所以为了最大化我的能量，我可以消耗...

肉店数量：

[1, 4, 7, 8, 9] => [56, 91, 55, 63, 81]

商店编号的蛋糕：
```
[3, 5, 10] => [98, 94, 95]
```
披萨店数量：
```
[2, 6] => [45, 80]
```

这使我最终获得了 758 的最大能量水平。

由于我是动态规划的新手，我试图通过生成独特的组合来解决它，

₁₀C₅ * _(10-5)C₃ * _(10-5-3)C₂ = 2520

这是我的代码，

nStores = 10
a, b, c = 5, 3, 2
matrix = [
    [56,44,41],
    [56,84,45],
    [40,98,49],
    [91,59,73],
    [69,94,42],
    [81,64,80],
    [55,76,26],
    [63,24,22],
    [81,60,44],
    [52,95,11]
]

count = a + b + c
data = []
allOverCount = [i for i in range(count)]
def genCombination(offset, depth, passedData, reductionLevel = 3):
    if (depth == 0):
        first = set(data)
        if reductionLevel ==  3:
            return genCombination(0,b,[i for i in allOverCount if i not in first], reductionLevel=2)
        elif reductionLevel ==  2:
            return genCombination(0,c,[i for i in allOverCount if i not in first], reductionLevel=1)
        elif reductionLevel == 1:
            xAns = 0
            for i in range(len(data)):
                if i < a:
                    xAns += matrix[data[i]][0]
                elif i < a + b:
                    xAns += matrix[data[i]][1]
                else:
                    xAns += matrix[data[i]][2]
            return xAns
    oneData = 0
    for i in range(offset, len(passedData) - depth + 1 ):
        data.append(passedData[i])
        oneData = max(oneData, genCombination(i+1, depth-1, passedData, reductionLevel))
        del data[-1]
    return oneData
passedData = [i for i in range(count)]
finalOutput = genCombination(0,a,passedData)
print(finalOutput)

我知道这不是正确的做法。我该如何优化它？

Answer 1

看来修改背包就可以解决。

让我们定义我们的 dp table 为 4 维数组 dp[N+1][A+1][B+1][C+1]

now some cell dp[n][a][b][c]表示我们已经考虑了n家店铺，从中我们挑选了一家卖肉的店铺， b 店买蛋糕，c 店买披萨，它储存了我们可以拥有的最大能量。

转换也很容易，从某个状态 dp[n][a][b][c] 我们可以移动到：

dp[n+1][a][b][c] 如果我们跳过 n+1 店
dp[n+1][a+1][b][c] 如果我们买 n+1 店的肉
dp[n+1][a][b+1][c]如果我们从n+1店买蛋糕
dp[n+1][a][b][c+1] 如果我们从商店 n+1 购买披萨

剩下的就是填充 dp table。示例代码：

N = 10
A,B,C = 5,3,2
energy = [
[56, 44, 41],
[56, 84, 45],  
[40, 98, 49],  
[91, 59, 73], 
[69, 94, 42], 
[81, 64, 80], 
[55, 76, 26], 
[63, 24, 22], 
[81, 60, 44], 
[52, 95, 11] 
]

dp = {} 

for n in range(N+1):
    for a in range(A+1):
        for b in range(B+1):
            for c in range(C+1):
                dp[n,a,b,c]=0

answer = 0;
for n in range(N+1):
    for a in range(A+1):
        for b in range(B+1):
            for c in range(C+1):
                #Case 1, skip n-th shop
                if (n+1,a,b,c) in dp: dp[n+1,a,b,c] = max(dp[n+1,a,b,c], dp[n,a,b,c])
                #Case 2, buy meat from n-th shop
                if (n+1,a+1,b,c) in dp: dp[n+1,a+1,b,c] = max(dp[n+1,a+1,b,c], dp[n,a,b,c] + energy[n][0])
                #Case 3, buy cake from n-th shop
                if (n+1,a,b+1,c) in dp: dp[n+1,a,b+1,c] = max(dp[n+1,a,b+1,c], dp[n,a,b,c] + energy[n][1])
                #Case 4, buy pizza from n-th shop
                if (n+1,a,b,c+1) in dp: dp[n+1,a,b,c+1] = max(dp[n+1,a,b,c+1], dp[n,a,b,c] + energy[n][2])
                answer = max(answer,dp[n,a,b,c])

print(answer)

Answer 2

这是一个通过纸浆（https://pypi.org/project/PuLP）使用线性规划的解决方案，它给了我最优解

Maximum energy level: 758.0
Mapping of stores per foodtype: {1: [9, 2, 4], 0: [3, 8, 0, 6, 7], 2: [1, 5]}

我认为性能应该比手动编码的详尽求解器更好。

from collections import defaultdict

import pulp

# data
nStores = 10
a, b, c = max_stores = 5, 3, 2
matrix = [
    [56, 44, 41],
    [56, 84, 45],
    [40, 98, 49],
    [91, 59, 73],
    [69, 94, 42],
    [81, 64, 80],
    [55, 76, 26],
    [63, 24, 22],
    [81, 60, 44],
    [52, 95, 11]
]

# create an LP problem
lp = pulp.LpProblem("maximize energy", sense=pulp.LpMaximize)

# create the list of indices for the variables
# the variables are binary variables for each combination of store and food_type
# the variable alpha[(store, food_typeà] = 1 if the food_type is taken from the store
index = {(store, food_type) for store in range(nStores) for food_type in range(3)}
alpha = pulp.LpVariable.dicts("alpha", index, lowBound=0, cat="Binary")

# add the constrain on max stores
for food_type, n_store_food_type in enumerate(max_stores):
    lp += sum(alpha[(store, food_type)] for store in range(nStores)) <= n_store_food_type

# only one food type can be taken per store
for store in range(nStores):
    lp += sum(alpha[(store, food_type)] for food_type in range(3)) <= 1

# add the objective to maximise
lp += sum(alpha[(store, food_type)] * matrix[store][food_type] for store, food_type in index)

# solve the problem
lp.solve()

# collect the results
stores_for_foodtype = defaultdict(list)
for (store, food_type) in index:
    # check if the variable is active
    if alpha[(store, food_type)].varValue:
        stores_for_foodtype[food_type].append(store)

print(f"Maximum energy level: {lp.objective.value()}")
print(f"Mapping of stores per foodtype: {dict(stores_for_foodtype)}")

能源消耗最大化

Maximize consumption Energy

python

algorithm

dynamic-programming

linear-programming