"unprotect" static const 成员有通用的方法吗?

Is there a generic way to "unprotect" static const members?

有时我会遇到这样一种情况,我得到一个 class(无法修改),它具有受保护的静态成员,例如

struct foo {
protected:
    static const int x = 42;
    static const int y = 101;
    static const int z = 404;
    // ... and more ...
};

不幸的是,我需要访问这些成员,而不是在派生的 class 中,而是在其他代码中。我写了这个:

struct bar : foo {
    static const int x = foo::x;
    static const int y = foo::y;
    static const int z = foo::z;
};

但感觉比较笨拙。在 long 运行 class foo 应该被修改以提供对这些常量的访问,但只要不是这种情况,我想要更好的东西。我可以沿着

行写一个宏
int x = SOME_MACRO_VOODOO(foo,x);

虽然,我想知道是否有办法避免宏。我尝试了很多方法,例如这个

struct f {
    protected:
    static const int x = 42;
};

template <typename T, int T::*P>
struct bar : f {
    int get_value() { return this->*P;}
};

int main() {
    bar<f,&f::x>().get_value();
}

失败,因为 &f::x 不是指向成员的指针,而只是一个 int *,当然 f::x 不可访问:

prog.cc: In function 'int main()':
prog.cc:12:16: error: could not convert template argument '& f::x' from 'const int*' to 'int f::*'
     bar<f,&f::x>().get_value();
                ^
prog.cc:12:5: error: 'const int f::x' is protected within this context
     bar<f,&f::x>().get_value();
     ^~~~~~~~~~~~
prog.cc:3:22: note: declared protected here
     static const int x = 42;

听起来您正在寻找 using declaration。您可以在 class 定义的上下文中使用 using 将成员从基础 class 导入派生的 class。如果 using 与您要导入的成员之一具有不同的访问规范,那么您实际上 "change" 在派生的 class.[= 的上下文中对该成员的访问规范。 14=]

struct foo {
protected:
    static const int x = 42;
    static const int y = 101;
    static const int z = 404;
    // ... and more ...
};


struct bar : foo {
    using foo::x;
    using foo::y;
    using foo::z;
};

int main()
{
    // Should work fine
    int a = bar::x;
}
#define BYPASS_STATIC_PROTECTED( CLASS, FIELD ) \
  []()->decltype(auto){ struct cheater:CLASS { using CLASS::FIELD; }; return cheater::FIELD; }()

auto x= BYPASS_STATIC_PROTECTED( foo, x );

我们也可以在会员字段上这样做:

template<class T>
struct tag_t { using type=T; };

#define BYPASS_MEMPTR_PROTECTED_HELPER( FIELD ) \
  [](auto tag){ using T=typename decltype(tag)::type; struct cheater:T { using T::FIELD; }; return &cheater::FIELD; }

#define BYPASS_MEMPTR_PROTECTED( CLASS, FIELD ) \
  BYPASS_MEMPTR_PROTECTED_HELPER(FIELD)(tag_t<CLASS>{})

#define BYPASS_PROTECTED_ON_MEMBER( FIELD ) \
  [](auto& obj )->decltype(auto) { \
    using T = std::decay_t<decltype(obj)>; \
    return obj.* BYPASS_MEMPTR_PROTECTED_HELPER( FIELD )(tag_t<T>{}); \
  }

和类似的成员函数:

#define BYPASS_PROTECTED_ON_METHOD( MEMBER ) \
  [](auto& obj, auto&&...args )->decltype(auto) { \
    using T = std::decay_t<decltype(obj)>; \
    return (obj.* BYPASS_MEMPTR_PROTECTED_HELPER( MEMBER )(tag_t<T>{}))( decltype(args)(args)... ); \
  }

Live examples.

测试代码:

struct foo {
protected:
    static const int x = 42;
    static const int y = 101;
    static const int z = 404;
    // ... and more ...

    int member = 7;

    int method(int v) const { return -v; }
};

std::cout << BYPASS_STATIC_PROTECTED( foo, x ) << "\n";

std::cout << BYPASS_PROTECTED_ON_MEMBER( member )( f ) << "\n";

std::cout << BYPASS_PROTECTED_ON_METHOD( method )( f, 1 ) << "\n";