使用 OWL API 加载在 Turtle 中序列化的 Ontology

Question

我正在尝试使用 OWL API 从 Jena 模型加载 ontology，但大多数公理都显示为注释。

Turtle中的ontology如下图。我使用 Jena 模型来存储它。 注意：下面的 ontology 不正确，如下面的答案所述

@prefix owl:   <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf:   <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix xsd:   <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdfs:  <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .

<http://example.com/minimalDecoupling>
        a           "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty" ;
        rdfs:label  "minimal decoupling" .

<http://example.com/frequency>
        a           "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty" ;
        rdfs:label  "frequency" .

<http://example.com/voltage>
        a           "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty" ;
        rdfs:label  "Voltage" .

<http://example.com/powerConsumed>
        a           "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty" ;
        rdfs:label  "power consumed" .

<http://example.com/installation>
        a           "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty" ;
        rdfs:label  "installation" .

<http://example.com/Device>
        a           "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ;
        rdfs:label  "device" .

<http://example.com/dimension>
        a           "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty" ;
        rdfs:label  "dimension" .

<http://example.com/>
        a       "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Ontology" .

假设上面的 ontology 存储在 Jena 模型 ontologyGraph 中，我正在使用下面的代码将 Jena 模型加载为 OWL ontology。

OWLOntology ontology = ontologyManager.
                loadOntologyFromOntologyDocument
                        (new ByteArrayInputStream(Ontology.toTurtle(ontologyGraph).getBytes()));

toTurtle方法如下图：

public static String toTurtle(Model ontologyGraph){
        StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
        ontologyGraph.write(out,"TTL");
        return out.toString();
    }

但是，正如我们在下面的输出中看到的，来自 ontology 的公理出现了注释公理：

Ontology(OntologyID(Anonymous-2)) [Axioms: 15 Logical Axioms: 0] First 20 axioms: {AnnotationAssertion(rdfs:label http://example.com/powerConsumed "power consumed") AnnotationAssertion(rdfs:label http://example.com/minimalDecoupling "minimal decoupling") AnnotationAssertion(rdf:type http://example.com/ "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Ontology") AnnotationAssertion(rdfs:label http://example.com/dimension "dimension") AnnotationAssertion(rdf:type http://example.com/dimension "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty") AnnotationAssertion(rdf:type http://example.com/voltage "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty") AnnotationAssertion(rdf:type http://example.com/Device "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class") AnnotationAssertion(rdfs:label http://example.com/installation "installation") AnnotationAssertion(rdfs:label http://example.com/voltage "Voltage") AnnotationAssertion(rdf:type http://example.com/minimalDecoupling "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty") AnnotationAssertion(rdf:type http://example.com/frequency "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty") AnnotationAssertion(rdfs:label http://example.com/Device "device") AnnotationAssertion(rdf:type http://example.com/powerConsumed "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty") AnnotationAssertion(rdfs:label http://example.com/frequency "frequency") AnnotationAssertion(rdf:type http://example.com/installation "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#DatatypeProperty") }

我的问题是：

为什么所有公理都显示为注释？
是否可以使用 OWL API 将 Jena 模型直接加载为 OWL ontology 而无需通过 Turtle ？

Answer 1

Why are all the axioms appearing as annotations?

输入模型中的类型是字符串字面量，但需要是IRI。例如这个：

<http://example.com/Device>
    a "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class" ;

应该是：

<http://example.com/Device>
    a <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> ;

然后将自动缩写为：

<http://example.com/Device>
    a owl:Class ;

输入的Jena模型中的ontology是使用JenaAPI创建的吗？在这种情况下，需要更改代码以创建 IRI（在 Jena 中也称为“Resources”或“URIResources”）而不是字符串文字。

Is it possible to directly load a Jena model as an OWL ontology using OWL API without having to pass through Turtle?

无法直接将 Jena 模型加载到 OWL-API，但肯定有一些选项可以避免往返乌龟，喜欢ONT-API.

Answer 2

1) 如另一个答案中所述 - 提供的 ontology 不正确，而不是 URI，而是文字。
2) ONT-API - 基于耶拿的 OWL-API-api 的实现。

您可以将 turtle 加载到管理器中，由于变换器而发生一些变化，或者按原样传递 Graph（有或没有变换器）。在给定 RDF 的最后一种情况下，将只有 AnnotationAssertion 个公理。如果您手动修复 RDF，将文字替换为 URI，则需要以下公理：

    Declaration(Class(<http://example.com/Device>))
    Declaration(DataProperty(<http://example.com/dimension>))
    Declaration(DataProperty(<http://example.com/installation>))
    Declaration(DataProperty(<http://example.com/powerConsumed>))
    Declaration(DataProperty(<http://example.com/voltage>))
    Declaration(DataProperty(<http://example.com/frequency>))
    Declaration(DataProperty(<http://example.com/minimalDecoupling>))
    AnnotationAssertion(rdfs:label <http://example.com/minimalDecoupling> "minimal decoupling"^^xsd:string)
    AnnotationAssertion(rdfs:label <http://example.com/frequency> "frequency"^^xsd:string)
    AnnotationAssertion(rdfs:label <http://example.com/voltage> "Voltage"^^xsd:string)
    AnnotationAssertion(rdfs:label <http://example.com/powerConsumed> "power consumed"^^xsd:string)
    AnnotationAssertion(rdfs:label <http://example.com/installation> "installation"^^xsd:string)
    AnnotationAssertion(rdfs:label <http://example.com/Device> "device"^^xsd:string)
    AnnotationAssertion(rdfs:label <http://example.com/dimension> "dimension"^^xsd:string)

另外注意：还有一个RDF数据视图：com.github.owlcs.ontapi.jena.model.OntModel，建议使用它而不是org.apache.jena.ontology.OntModel，因为最后一个不支持OWL2

使用 OWL API 加载在 Turtle 中序列化的 Ontology

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