python 用户定义的函数需要帮助来修复错误

python user-defined function need help to fix error

我想写一个 python 函数如下:

import numpy as np
a = [[-0.17985, 0.178971],[-0.15312,0.226988]] 
(lambda x: x if x > 0 else np.exp(x)-1)(a)

下面是 python 错误信息:

TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-8-78cecdd2fe9f> in <module>
----> 1 (lambda x: x if x > 0 else np.exp(x)-1)(a)

<ipython-input-8-78cecdd2fe9f> in <lambda>(x)
----> 1 (lambda x: x if x > 0 else np.exp(x)-1)(a)

TypeError: '>' not supported between instances of 'list' and 'int'

我该如何解决这个问题?

例如:

a = [[-0.17985, 0.178971],[-0.15312,0.226988]]

b = f(a) 

预期输出

b = [[-0.1646, 0.17897],[-0.14197, 0.22699]]

您有一个列表的列表,因此需要额外的迭代:

import numpy as np

a = [[-0.17985, 0.178971],[-0.15312,0.226988]]

f = lambda x: x if x > 0 else np.exp(x)-1

res = []
for x in a:
    lst = []
    for y in x:
        lst.append(f(y))
    res.append(lst)

print(res)
# [[-0.16460448865975663, 0.17897099999999999], [-0.14197324757693675, 0.226988]]

由于最终结果是一个列表,这个问题最好用列表理解来解决:

[[x if x > 0 else np.exp(x)-1 for x in y] for y in a]

或定义lambda:

[[f(x) for x in y] for y in a]