使用 AWK 对数据列执行数学运算
Using AWK to perform math on columns of data
我尝试使用 AWK 将一列信息作为输入，对输入执行数学运算，然后 return 将结果返回到该列中。
我的输入文件格式如下：
1, 1, 6, 3, 2, 4, 1.5, 1, 0.5, 1, 2.75
2, 3, 7, 6, 4, 6, 4.5, 2, 0.5, 2, 2.75
3, 11, 3, 5, 4, 5, 2.5, 6, 2.5, 3, 7.75
4, 9, 9, 10, 7.5, 9, 7, 7, 3.5, 4, 7.75
5, 7, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 5, 8.25
6, 8, 5, 9, 7, 7, 5.5, 8, 5.5, 6, 11
7, 6, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1.5, 7, 11.25
8, 10, 1, 4, 3, 3, 1.5, 5, 1.5, 8, 11.25
9, 5, 10, 8, 5.5, 8, 6, 9, 11.5, 9, 25.25
10, 2, 8, 7, 4.5, 10, 12, 10, 11.75, 10, 25.75
除了上述table格式外，还有几个bash变量需要用在方程式中。它们如下：
Feet=4290
FinalTime=76.79
FirstDistance=1320
FirstTime=21.67
SecondDistance=2640
SecondTime=44.65
ThirdDistance=3146
ThirdTime=70.33
我想出了一个很长的衬里，它没有输出准确的信息。我希望在实际工作的 AWK 脚本中有一些更容易阅读的东西。
一个班轮是：
awk -F, -v Feet="$Feet" -v FinalTime="$FinalTime" -v ThirdDistance="$ThirdDistance" -v ThirdTime="$ThirdTime" -v FirstDistance="$FirstDistance" -v FirstTime="$FirstTime" -v SecondDistance="$SecondDistance" -v SecondTime="$SecondTime" '{
$(NF-2)=(ThirdDistance-($NF-2)*8)/ThirdTime*.681818182;
$(NF-4)=((SecondDistance-(($NF-4)*8))/SecondTime)*.681818182;
$(NF-6)=((FirstDistance-(($NF-6)*8))/FirstTime)*.681818182;
$NF=((Feet-($NF*8))/FinalTime)*.681818182;
print [=12=]
}' OFS=";" "$race".csv65
结果如下所示：
1; 1; 6; 3; 42.3501; 4; 40.4663; 1; 30.4409; 1; 37.8956;
2; 3; 7; 6; 42.3501; 6; 40.4663; 2; 30.4409; 2; 37.8956;
3; 11; 3; 5; 41.0916; 5; 39.8554; 6; 30.0531; 3; 37.5404;
4; 9; 9; 10; 41.0916; 9; 39.8554; 7; 30.0531; 4; 37.5404;
5; 7; 4; 2; 40.9657; 2; 39.7944; 3; 30.0143; 5; 37.5049;
6; 8; 5; 9; 40.2735; 7; 39.4584; 8; 29.8011; 6; 37.3095;
7; 6; 2; 1; 40.2106; 1; 39.4279; 4; 29.7817; 7; 37.2918;
8; 10; 1; 4; 40.2106; 3; 39.4279; 5; 29.7817; 8; 37.2918;
9; 5; 10; 8; 36.6867; 8; 37.7176; 9; 28.6959; 9; 36.2973;
10; 2; 8; 7; 36.5608; 10; 37.6565; 10; 28.6571; 10; 36.2618;
所需的结果应如下所示：
1; 1; 6; 3; 41.0287; 4; 40.1303; 1; 30.2664; 1; 37.8956;
2; 3; 7; 6; 40.5252; 6; 39.7638; 2; 30.2664; 2; 37.8956;
3; 11; 3; 5; 40.5252; 5; 40.0081; 6; 30.1113; 3; 37.5404;
4; 9; 9; 10; 39.6443; 9; 39.4584; 7; 30.0337; 4; 37.5404;
5; 7; 4; 2; 41.2804; 2; 40.1914; 3; 30.2276; 5; 37.5049;
6; 8; 5; 9; 39.7701; 7; 39.6417; 8; 29.8786; 6; 37.3095;
7; 6; 2; 1; 41.2804; 1; 40.1914; 4; 30.1888; 7; 37.2918;
8; 10; 1; 4; 40.7769; 3; 40.1303; 5 30.1888; 8; 37.2918;
9; 5; 10; 8; 40.1477; 8; 39.5806; 9; 29.4139; 9; 36.2973;
10; 2; 8; 7; 40.3994; 10; 38.8476; 10; 29.3939; 10; 36.2618;
我不知道我做错了什么。基本上我想完成的方程式是：
$(NF-2)=((ThirdDistance-($NF-2)*8))/ThirdTime*.681818182;
$(NF-4)=((SecondDistance-(($NF-4)*8))/SecondTime)*.681818182;
$(NF-6)=((FirstDistance-(($NF-6)*8))/FirstTime)*.681818182;
$NF=((Feet-($NF*8))/FinalTime)*.681818182;
但我显然在这里搞砸了。除了最后一列，我没有得到正确的结果，所有其他有结果的列都是按降序排列的。
欢迎任何建设性的批评。
谢谢！
我认为这里的问题是您放错了用于访问每个作业右侧字段的括号。 $(NF-2) 表示倒数第三个字段的值，而 ($NF-2) 表示最后一个字段的值减去二。看起来你真的打算在前三种情况下使用第一个选项：
$ awk -F, -v Feet="$Feet" -v FinalTime="$FinalTime" -v ThirdDistance="$ThirdDistance" -v ThirdTime="$ThirdTime" -v FirstDistance="$FirstDistance" -v FirstTim e="$FirstTime" -v SecondDistance="$SecondDistance" -v SecondTime="$SecondTime" '{
$(NF-2)=(ThirdDistance-$(NF-2)*8)/ThirdTime*.681818182;
$(NF-4)=((SecondDistance-$(NF-4)*8)/SecondTime)*.681818182;
$(NF-6)=((FirstDistance-$(NF-6)*8)/FirstTime)*.681818182;
$NF=((Feet-$NF*8)/FinalTime)*.681818182;
print
}' OFS=";" file
1; 1; 6; 3;41.0287; 4;40.1303; 1;30.4603; 1;37.8956
2; 3; 7; 6;40.5252; 6;39.7638; 2;30.4603; 2;37.8956
3; 11; 3; 5;40.5252; 5;40.0081; 6;30.3052; 3;37.5404
4; 9; 9; 10;39.6443; 9;39.4584; 7;30.2276; 4;37.5404
5; 7; 4; 2;41.2804; 2;40.1914; 3;30.4215; 5;37.5049
6; 8; 5; 9;39.7701; 7;39.6417; 8;30.0725; 6;37.3095
7; 6; 2; 1;41.2804; 1;40.1914; 4;30.3827; 7;37.2918
8; 10; 1; 4;40.7769; 3;40.1303; 5;30.3827; 8;37.2918
9; 5; 10; 8;40.1477; 8;39.5806; 9;29.6072; 9;36.2973
10; 2; 8; 7;40.3994; 10;38.8476; 10;29.5878; 10;36.2618
在对 $NF 的赋值中，您遇到了相反的问题：$(NF*8) 试图访问不存在的第 NF*8 字段。由于运算符的优先级，您可以在这种情况下删除括号以获得您想要的结果。
就提高脚本的可读性而言，一些较短的变量名可能会有所帮助。此外，您可能需要考虑使用实际脚本并使用 awk -f 调用它，而不是使用很长的 "one-liner"。我还删除了一些不必要的括号；我个人认为它们会分散注意力，但其他人可能不同意。
我尝试使用 AWK 将一列信息作为输入，对输入执行数学运算，然后 return 将结果返回到该列中。 我的输入文件格式如下：
1, 1, 6, 3, 2, 4, 1.5, 1, 0.5, 1, 2.75
2, 3, 7, 6, 4, 6, 4.5, 2, 0.5, 2, 2.75
3, 11, 3, 5, 4, 5, 2.5, 6, 2.5, 3, 7.75
4, 9, 9, 10, 7.5, 9, 7, 7, 3.5, 4, 7.75
5, 7, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 5, 8.25
6, 8, 5, 9, 7, 7, 5.5, 8, 5.5, 6, 11
7, 6, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1.5, 7, 11.25
8, 10, 1, 4, 3, 3, 1.5, 5, 1.5, 8, 11.25
9, 5, 10, 8, 5.5, 8, 6, 9, 11.5, 9, 25.25
10, 2, 8, 7, 4.5, 10, 12, 10, 11.75, 10, 25.75
除了上述table格式外，还有几个bash变量需要用在方程式中。它们如下：
Feet=4290
FinalTime=76.79
FirstDistance=1320
FirstTime=21.67
SecondDistance=2640
SecondTime=44.65
ThirdDistance=3146
ThirdTime=70.33
我想出了一个很长的衬里，它没有输出准确的信息。我希望在实际工作的 AWK 脚本中有一些更容易阅读的东西。 一个班轮是：
awk -F, -v Feet="$Feet" -v FinalTime="$FinalTime" -v ThirdDistance="$ThirdDistance" -v ThirdTime="$ThirdTime" -v FirstDistance="$FirstDistance" -v FirstTime="$FirstTime" -v SecondDistance="$SecondDistance" -v SecondTime="$SecondTime" '{
$(NF-2)=(ThirdDistance-($NF-2)*8)/ThirdTime*.681818182;
$(NF-4)=((SecondDistance-(($NF-4)*8))/SecondTime)*.681818182;
$(NF-6)=((FirstDistance-(($NF-6)*8))/FirstTime)*.681818182;
$NF=((Feet-($NF*8))/FinalTime)*.681818182;
print [=12=]
}' OFS=";" "$race".csv65
结果如下所示：
1; 1; 6; 3; 42.3501; 4; 40.4663; 1; 30.4409; 1; 37.8956;
2; 3; 7; 6; 42.3501; 6; 40.4663; 2; 30.4409; 2; 37.8956;
3; 11; 3; 5; 41.0916; 5; 39.8554; 6; 30.0531; 3; 37.5404;
4; 9; 9; 10; 41.0916; 9; 39.8554; 7; 30.0531; 4; 37.5404;
5; 7; 4; 2; 40.9657; 2; 39.7944; 3; 30.0143; 5; 37.5049;
6; 8; 5; 9; 40.2735; 7; 39.4584; 8; 29.8011; 6; 37.3095;
7; 6; 2; 1; 40.2106; 1; 39.4279; 4; 29.7817; 7; 37.2918;
8; 10; 1; 4; 40.2106; 3; 39.4279; 5; 29.7817; 8; 37.2918;
9; 5; 10; 8; 36.6867; 8; 37.7176; 9; 28.6959; 9; 36.2973;
10; 2; 8; 7; 36.5608; 10; 37.6565; 10; 28.6571; 10; 36.2618;
所需的结果应如下所示：
1; 1; 6; 3; 41.0287; 4; 40.1303; 1; 30.2664; 1; 37.8956;
2; 3; 7; 6; 40.5252; 6; 39.7638; 2; 30.2664; 2; 37.8956;
3; 11; 3; 5; 40.5252; 5; 40.0081; 6; 30.1113; 3; 37.5404;
4; 9; 9; 10; 39.6443; 9; 39.4584; 7; 30.0337; 4; 37.5404;
5; 7; 4; 2; 41.2804; 2; 40.1914; 3; 30.2276; 5; 37.5049;
6; 8; 5; 9; 39.7701; 7; 39.6417; 8; 29.8786; 6; 37.3095;
7; 6; 2; 1; 41.2804; 1; 40.1914; 4; 30.1888; 7; 37.2918;
8; 10; 1; 4; 40.7769; 3; 40.1303; 5 30.1888; 8; 37.2918;
9; 5; 10; 8; 40.1477; 8; 39.5806; 9; 29.4139; 9; 36.2973;
10; 2; 8; 7; 40.3994; 10; 38.8476; 10; 29.3939; 10; 36.2618;
我不知道我做错了什么。基本上我想完成的方程式是：
$(NF-2)=((ThirdDistance-($NF-2)*8))/ThirdTime*.681818182;
$(NF-4)=((SecondDistance-(($NF-4)*8))/SecondTime)*.681818182;
$(NF-6)=((FirstDistance-(($NF-6)*8))/FirstTime)*.681818182;
$NF=((Feet-($NF*8))/FinalTime)*.681818182;
但我显然在这里搞砸了。除了最后一列，我没有得到正确的结果，所有其他有结果的列都是按降序排列的。 欢迎任何建设性的批评。
谢谢！
我认为这里的问题是您放错了用于访问每个作业右侧字段的括号。 $(NF-2) 表示倒数第三个字段的值，而 ($NF-2) 表示最后一个字段的值减去二。看起来你真的打算在前三种情况下使用第一个选项：
$ awk -F, -v Feet="$Feet" -v FinalTime="$FinalTime" -v ThirdDistance="$ThirdDistance" -v ThirdTime="$ThirdTime" -v FirstDistance="$FirstDistance" -v FirstTim e="$FirstTime" -v SecondDistance="$SecondDistance" -v SecondTime="$SecondTime" '{
$(NF-2)=(ThirdDistance-$(NF-2)*8)/ThirdTime*.681818182;
$(NF-4)=((SecondDistance-$(NF-4)*8)/SecondTime)*.681818182;
$(NF-6)=((FirstDistance-$(NF-6)*8)/FirstTime)*.681818182;
$NF=((Feet-$NF*8)/FinalTime)*.681818182;
print
}' OFS=";" file
1; 1; 6; 3;41.0287; 4;40.1303; 1;30.4603; 1;37.8956
2; 3; 7; 6;40.5252; 6;39.7638; 2;30.4603; 2;37.8956
3; 11; 3; 5;40.5252; 5;40.0081; 6;30.3052; 3;37.5404
4; 9; 9; 10;39.6443; 9;39.4584; 7;30.2276; 4;37.5404
5; 7; 4; 2;41.2804; 2;40.1914; 3;30.4215; 5;37.5049
6; 8; 5; 9;39.7701; 7;39.6417; 8;30.0725; 6;37.3095
7; 6; 2; 1;41.2804; 1;40.1914; 4;30.3827; 7;37.2918
8; 10; 1; 4;40.7769; 3;40.1303; 5;30.3827; 8;37.2918
9; 5; 10; 8;40.1477; 8;39.5806; 9;29.6072; 9;36.2973
10; 2; 8; 7;40.3994; 10;38.8476; 10;29.5878; 10;36.2618
在对 $NF 的赋值中，您遇到了相反的问题：$(NF*8) 试图访问不存在的第 NF*8 字段。由于运算符的优先级，您可以在这种情况下删除括号以获得您想要的结果。
就提高脚本的可读性而言，一些较短的变量名可能会有所帮助。此外，您可能需要考虑使用实际脚本并使用 awk -f 调用它，而不是使用很长的 "one-liner"。我还删除了一些不必要的括号；我个人认为它们会分散注意力，但其他人可能不同意。