Raspberry Pi 3 使用 720p USB 摄像头提高 FPS

Raspberry Pi 3 Increasing FPS with 720p USB Camera

我在 python 中写了一些代码来打开 USB 摄像头并从中抓取帧。我将我的代码用于 http 流。对于 JPEG 编码,我使用 libturbojpeg 库。为此,我使用 64 位 OS。

product: Raspberry Pi 3 Model B Rev 1.2
serial: 00000000f9307746
width: 64 bits
capabilities: smp cp15_barrier setend swp

我用不同的分辨率做了一些测试。

Resolution   FPS   Time for encode
640 x 480     ~35       ~0.01
1280 x 720    ~17       ~0.028

这是我的代码

import time
import os
import re
import uvc
from turbojpeg import TurboJPEG, TJPF_GRAY, TJSAMP_GRAY
jpeg = TurboJPEG("/opt/libjpeg-turbo/lib64/libturbojpeg.so")
camera = None

import numpy as np
from threading import Thread

class ProcessJPG(Thread):

    def __init__(self, data):
        self.jpeg_data = None
        self.data = data
        super(ProcessJPG, self).__init__()

    def run(self):
        self.jpeg_data = jpeg.encode((self.data))

    def get_frame(self):
        self.frame = camera.get_frame()

global camera
dev_list = uvc.device_list()
print("devices: ", dev_list)
camera = uvc.Capture(dev_list[1]['uid'])
camera.frame_size = camera.frame_sizes[2] // set 1280 x 720
camera.frame_rate = camera.frame_rates[0] // set 30 fps

class GetFrame(Thread):
    def __init__(self):
        self.frame = None
        super(GetFrame, self).__init__()
    def run(self):
        self.frame = camera.get_frame()

_fps = -1
count_to_fps = 0
_real_fps = 0
from time import time
_real_fps = ""
cfps_time = time()

while True:
    if camera:
        t = GetFrame()
        t.start()
        t.join()
        img = t.frame
        timestamp = img.timestamp
        img = img.img
        ret = 1
    t_start = time()
    t = ProcessJPG(img)
    t.start()
    t.join()
    jpg = t.jpeg_data
    t_end = time()
    print(t_end - t_start)
    count_to_fps += 1
    if count_to_fps >= _fps:
        t_to_fps = time() - cfps_time
        _real_fps = 1.0 / t_to_fps
        cfps_time = time()
        count_to_fps = 0
    print("FPS, ", _real_fps)

编码行是:jpeg.encode((self.data))

我的问题是,对于 1280 x 720(例如 30fps)分辨率,可以提高 FPS 还是我应该使用更强大的设备?当我在计算期间查看 htop 时,CPU 未 100% 使用。

编辑: 相机格式:

[video4linux2,v4l2 @ 0xa705c0] Raw       :     yuyv422 :           YUYV 4:2:2 : 640x480 1280x720 960x544 800x448 640x360 424x240 352x288 320x240 800x600 176x144 160x120 1280x800
[video4linux2,v4l2 @ 0xa705c0] Compressed:       mjpeg :          Motion-JPEG : 640x480 1280x720 960x544 800x448 640x360 800x600 416x240 352x288 176x144 320x240 160x120

这是可能的,您不需要更强大的硬件。

来自pyuvc README.md,

* Capture instance will always grab mjpeg conpressed frames from cameras.

当您的代码访问 .img 属性 时,会调用 jpeg2yuv(请参阅 herehere)。然后 您正在使用 jpeg_encode() 重新编码。之后尝试使用 frame.jpeg_buffer 捕获并且根本不要触摸 .img

我用 Logitech 查看了 RPi2 上的 pyuvc C310 做了一个 简化示例,

import uvc
import time

def main():
    dev_list = uvc.device_list()
    cap = uvc.Capture(dev_list[0]["uid"])
    cap.frame_mode = (1280, 720, 30)
    tlast = time.time()
    for x in range(100):
        frame = cap.get_frame_robust()
        jpeg = frame.jpeg_buffer
        print("%s (%d bytes)" % (type(jpeg), len(jpeg)))
        #img = frame.img
        tnow = time.time()
        print("%.3f" % (tnow - tlast))
        tlast = tnow
    cap = None

main()

我每帧得到 ~.033s,在 ~8%CPU 下达到 ~30fps。如果我取消注释 #img = frame.img 行,它会上升到 ~.054s/frame 或 ~18fps at 99%CPU(解码时间限制捕获率)。