如何在分区的 table 上创建索引？

Question

如何在 PostgreSQL 11.2 中的 table 分区上创建索引？

我的 table 是：

CREATE TABLE sometablename
(
    column1 character varying(255) COLLATE pg_catalog."default" NOT NULL,
    column2 integer NOT NULL,
    column3 character varying(255) COLLATE pg_catalog."default" NOT NULL,
    "timestamp" timestamp without time zone NOT NULL,
    avg_val double precision,
    max_val double precision,
    min_val double precision,
    p95_val double precision,
    sample_count double precision,
    sum_val double precision,
    unit character varying(255) COLLATE pg_catalog."default",
    user_id bigint NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT testtable_pkey PRIMARY KEY (column1, column2, column3, "timestamp", user_id)
)
PARTITION BY HASH (user_id) 
    WITH (
    OIDS = FALSE
)
TABLESPACE pg_default;


CREATE UNIQUE INDEX testtable_unique_pkey
ON sometablename USING btree (column1 COLLATE pg_catalog."default", column2
COLLATE pg_catalog."default", "timestamp", user_id)
TABLESPACE pg_default;

如您所见，testtable_unique_pkey 是我的索引。

但是当我运行:

SELECT tablename, indexname, indexdef 
FROM pg_indexes 
WHERE tablename = 'sometablename'

我看不到我的索引。

我检查了对我的查询的解释分析，它也没有使用索引。

Answer 1

基 table 的索引从未真正创建，因此它不会出现在 pg_indexes 中：

CREATE TABLE base_table
(
    column1 varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    column2 integer NOT NULL,
    user_id bigint NOT NULL
)
PARTITION BY HASH (user_id);
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_one ON base_table (column1, column2, user_id);

所以下面的returns什么都没有：

select *
from pg_indexes
where tablename = 'base_table';

但是存储在 pg_class:

select i.relname as indexname, t.relname as tablename
from pg_class i
  join pg_index idx on idx.indexrelid = i.oid
  join pg_class t on t.oid = idx.indrelid
where i.relkind = 'I'
  and t.relname = 'base_table';

returns:

indexname | tablename 
----------+-----------
idx_one   | base_table

但对于每个分区，索引将显示在 pg_indexes:

create table st_p1 partition of base_table for values with (modulus 4, remainder 0);
create table st_p2 partition of base_table for values with (modulus 4, remainder 1);
create table st_p3 partition of base_table for values with (modulus 4, remainder 2);
create table st_p4 partition of base_table for values with (modulus 4, remainder 3);

然后：

select tablename, indexname
from pg_indexes
where tablename  in ('st_p1', 'st_p2', 'st_p3', 'st_p4');

returns:

tablename | indexname                        
----------+----------------------------------
st_p1     | st_p1_column1_column2_user_id_idx
st_p2     | st_p2_column1_column2_user_id_idx
st_p3     | st_p3_column1_column2_user_id_idx
st_p4     | st_p4_column1_column2_user_id_idx

2020-06-26 更新：

索引未显示在 pg_indexes 中的事实已被 Postgres 团队和 was fixed 确认为 Postgres 12 中的错误。

所以上面的解释只对Postgres 10和11有效。从Postgres 12开始，base_table上的索引将是shown in `pg_indexes.

如何在分区的 table 上创建索引？

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