如何覆盖子 class 中的抽象 class 构造函数

How to override abstract class constructor in sub class

我刚刚从 java 转到 C++,我真的很难理解曾经的基本概念。我想要做的就是创建一个名为 'Spaceship' 的抽象 class,给它一个带有 4 个参数的构造函数,然后在一个名为 'Alienspaceship' 的子 class 中,我想创建一个带有 5 个参数但继承 'spaceship' 构造函数的前 4 个参数的构造函数。我一直在到处寻找,似乎无法找到我正在寻找的东西。下面是我的代码。请并感谢任何可以帮助我的人!

header

#ifndef SPACESHIP
#define SPACESHIP

#include "Enum.h"

class Spaceship{
    public:
    float health;
    float food;
    float cash;
    float misc;

public:
    Spaceship(float, float, float, float);

};

class AlienSpaceship: public Spaceship{
    OrganismType race;

    public:
        AlienSpaceship(float, float, float, float, OrganismType):Spaceship(float, float, float, float){}
};

#endif

cpp

#include "Spaceship.h"

Spaceship::Spaceship(float health, float food, float cash, float misc){
    this->health = health;
    this->food = food;
    this->cash = cash;
    this->misc = misc;
}

AlienSpaceship::AlienSpaceship(float health, float food, float cash, float misc, OrganismType race):Spaceship(health, food, cash, misc){
    this->race = race;
}

AlienSpaceship(float, float, float, float, OrganismType):Spaceship(float, float, float, float){}

应该是:

AlienSpaceship(float, float, float, float, OrganismType);

在你的 header 中。您实际上已经在 header...

中创建了第二个实现

您似乎误解了构造函数初始化列表的工作原理。

它用于构造函数的定义(即实现),构造函数的声明不需要它。

实际上,您当前在 AlienSpaceship class 中的声明实际上 定义了 (实现)构造函数,因为结尾 {} .

所以对于class,你需要做的就是

class AlienSpaceship: public Spaceship{
    ...
    public:
        AlienSpaceship(float, float, float, float, OrganismType);
};

在相关说明中,我建议您也使用初始化列表来初始化成员变量,那么您的构造函数可以只是

Spaceship::Spaceship(float health, float food, float cash, float misc)
    : health(health), food(food), cash(cash), misc(misc)
{ /* Empty */ }

AlienSpaceship::AlienSpaceship(float health, float food, float cash, float misc, OrganismType race)
    : Spaceship(health, food, cash, misc), race(race)
{ /* Empty */ }

当然这可以在 class 定义本身中内联完成:

class AlienSpaceship: public Spaceship{
    ...
    public:
        AlienSpaceship(float health, float food, float cash, float misc, OrganismType race)
            : Spaceship(health, food, cash, misc), race(race)
        { /* Empty */ }
};

每个 class 成员应该只有一个定义,但是你有两个

第一个(隐含在 class 定义中)

public:
AlienSpaceship(float, float, float, float, OrganismType):Spaceship(float, float, float, float)
{}

第二个在源文件

AlienSpaceship::AlienSpaceship(float health, float food, float cash, float misc, OrganismType race):Spaceship(health, food, cash, misc)
{
    this->race = race;
}

选择其中一项,要么输入

AlienSpaceship(float health, float food, float cash, float misc, OrganismType race):Spaceship(health, food, cash, misc)
{
    this->race = race;
}

进入class定义

要么在 class

声明它
class AlienSpaceship: public Spaceship{
OrganismType race;

public:
AlienSpaceship(float, float, float, float, OrganismType);

并在源文件中定义

AlienSpaceship::AlienSpaceship(float health, float food, float cash, float misc, OrganismType race):Spaceship(health, food, cash, misc)
{
    this->race = race;
}

另外,像这样声明

AlienSpaceship(float, float, float, float, OrganismType):Spaceship(float, float, float, float)

is incorrect too. Actually, it conatains a part of defenition.