除非 T::answer 是整数类型，否则如何强制模板替换失败？

Question

我有以下代码：

#include <type_traits>

struct SA {};
struct SB { static const int answer = 42; };
const int SB::answer;

template <typename T>
int F() {
  return T::answer;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
  (void)argc; (void)argv;
  // F<SA>();  // I want to make this a template substitution failure.
  return F<SB>();  // This should still work.
}

我想让调用F<SA>()成为模板替换失败。我已尝试将 int F 更改为 typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<T::answer>::value, int>::type F，但出现以下错误：

$ g++ --versiong++ (Ubuntu 4.8.2-19ubuntu1) 4.8.2
$ g++ -W -Wall -Wextra -Werror -std=c++0x -fno-diagnostics-show-caret ei.cc && ./a.out
ei.cc:8:55: error: to refer to a type member of a template parameter, use ‘typename T:: answer’ [-fpermissive]
ei.cc: In function ‘int main(int, char**)’:
ei.cc:16:20: error: no matching function for call to ‘F()’
ei.cc:16:20: note: candidate is:
ei.cc:8:76: note: template<class T> typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<typename T::answer>::value, int>::type F()
ei.cc:8:76: note:   template argument deduction/substitution failed:
ei.cc: In substitution of ‘template<class T> typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<typename T::answer>::value, int>::type F() [with T = SB]’:
ei.cc:16:20:   required from here
ei.cc:8:76: error: no type named ‘answer’ in ‘struct SB’

这试图在 struct SB 中查找名为 answer 的类型，但我想让它在 struct SB 中查找名为 answer 的整数字段。

Answer 1

添加 decltype(...) 似乎有效：将 int F 更改为 typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<decltype(T::answer)>::value, int>::type F。

Answer 2

我发现将 enable_if 检查放在模板参数中会使您的界面更加清晰：

template <typename T,
          std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral<decltype(T::answer)>::value>* = nullptr>
int F() {
  return T::answer;
}

或者更清楚，使用 R. Martinho Fernandes 的 Remastered enable_if。

namespace detail {
    enum class enabler {};
}
template <typename Condition>
using EnableIf = std::enable_if_t<Condition::value, detail::enabler>;

template <typename T, EnableIf<std::is_integral<decltype(T::answer)>>...>
int F() {
  return T::answer;
}

除非 T::answer 是整数类型，否则如何强制模板替换失败？

How to force template substitution failure unless T::answer is in integral type?

c++

sfinae

enable-if