父进程终止后如何杀死所有子进程?

How to kill all child processes after parent process termination?

我可以通过父进程杀死子进程。但是如果一个父进程有多个子进程会怎样呢?

例如下面的代码,有1个父进程和6个子进程。如何在父进程终止后立即杀死其他六个子进程?

如果你 运行 这段代码,父进程在 5 seconds.After 之后终止,子进程在另外 5 秒(总共 10 秒)后终止。

但是我想在父进程之后立即杀死 6 个子进程 termination.So 父进程和 6 个子进程应该在 5 秒后终止。

#include <stdio.h> 
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main() 
{ 
    for(int i=0;i<6;i++) // loop will run 6 times(there are 6 child processes.) 
    { 
        if(fork() == 0) 
        { 
            printf("Started [son] pid %d from [parent] pid %d\n",getpid(),getppid()); 

            sleep(10); //child waits 10 seconds,then it exitted.

            printf("Exitted [son] pid %d from [parent] pid %d\n",getpid(),getppid()); 

            exit(0); 
        } 
    } 

    //parent
    sleep(5);  //parent will wait 5 seconds than it will exit
    printf("Parent terminated\n");
    exit(0); //parent terminated.(how can I exit the the other 6 child processes too?)

} 

在 Linux,您可以使用 prctl 请求通过信号(error-checking 跳过)通知您的 parent 死亡。

#include <stdio.h> 
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <sys/prctl.h> //<<<<<<<<
#include <signal.h> //<<<<<<<<

int main() 
{ 
    for(int i=0;i<6;i++) // loop will run 6 times(there are 6 child processes.) 
    { 
        if(fork() == 0) 
        { 
            prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM); //<<<<<<

            printf("Started [son] pid %d from [parent] pid %d\n",getpid(),getppid()); 

            sleep(2);

            printf("Exitted [son] pid %d from [parent] pid %d\n",getpid(),getppid()); 

            exit(0); 
        } 
    } 

    //parent
    sleep(1);
    printf("Parent terminated\n");
    exit(0);
   //<<< Linux auto-sends the deathsignal to all children

} 

对于不需要 parent 进程在其死亡时明确终止其 children 的 POSIX-compliant 解决方案,您可以使用 async-IO 管道。

Async-IO 依赖于在文件描述符事件上发送的信号。在这种情况下,只要您确保自动关闭关闭了对 pipe-end 文件的最后引用(error-checking 跳过):

#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <signal.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>

int main()
{

    int pipes[6][2];
    for(int i=0;i<6;i++) // loop will run 6 times(there are 6 child processes.)
    {
        pipe(pipes[i]); //create a pipe

        if(fork() == 0)
        {
            //get notified on an event on the read-end (we're aiming for the EOF event)
            fcntl(pipes[i][0],F_SETOWN,getpid()); 
            ioctl(pipes[i][0], FIOASYNC, &(int){1});

            for(int j=0; j<=i; j++) close(pipes[j][1]); //close all write-end ends so the refcount is 1 and the parent has the last ref

            printf("Started [son] pid %d from [parent] pid %d\n",getpid(),getppid());

            sleep(2);

            printf("Exitted [son] pid %d from [parent] pid %d\n",getpid(),getppid());

            exit(0);
        }
    }

    //parent
    sleep(1);
    printf("Parent terminated\n");
    exit(0); 
    //<<<this closes all the last write ends of the pipes and so the children will get notified with a signal 
    //the signal is SIGIO by default, whose default disposition is to kill the process (this can be changed by fcntl(fd,F_SETSIG,TheSignal))



}

这是一个可能更便携的解决方案。

fork(2)系统调用将return你的子进程的PID,你可以存储PID,然后你可以使用kill(2)向子进程发送信号并终止他们。

请注意,SIGKILLSIGTERM 信号可能需要父进程的一些特权。如果它没有这样的权限,你可以向子进程发送一个SIGCONT,并在你的子进程中修改SIGCONT信号处理程序。

!!!警告标志

从信号处理程序使用 exit() 是不安全的。我刚刚查看了手册 man 7 signal,发现它不是异步安全的。您可以使用 _exit_Exitabort

一些伪代码:

#include <stdio.h> 
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
void* handler(int sig){
    _exit(0);
}
int main() 
{ 
    pid_t children[6];
    for(int i=0;i<6;i++) // loop will run 6 times(there are 6 child processes.) 
    { 
        if((children[i] = fork()) == 0) 
        { 
            signal(SIGCONT,handler);
            printf("Started [son] pid %d from [parent] pid %d\n",getpid(),getppid()); 

            sleep(10); //child waits 10 seconds,then it exitted.

            printf("Exitted [son] pid %d from [parent] pid %d\n",getpid(),getppid()); 

            exit(0); 
        } 
    } 

    //parent
    sleep(5);  //parent will wait 5 seconds than it will exit
    for(int i=0;i<6;i++)
        kill(children[I],SIGCONT);
    printf("Parent terminated\n");
    exit(0); //parent terminated.(how can I exit the the other 6 child processes too?)

}