在 C# 中使用秒表

Question

有谁知道如何向这段解决数独游戏的代码添加计时器功能？我试过秒表 class 但我无法让它工作，因为我不知道该把它放在哪里。我试过几个地方，但总是出错。代码的主要目的是有效，但我想添加一个计时器函数来查看代码运行的持续时间。

using System;

namespace SuDoKu
{
  public class SuDoKu
  {
    private int[,] grid;

    public SuDoKu()
    { 
        grid = new int[9, 9];
    } 
     static void Main(string[] args)
     {
        SuDoKu sdk = new SuDoKu();

        int[,] grd = {
                     { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                     { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                     { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                     { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                     { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                     { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                     { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                     { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                     { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 } };

        for(int i = 0; i < 9; i++)
            for(int j = 0; j < 9; j++)
                sdk.EnterToGrid(grd[i, j], new Point(i, j));

        Console.WriteLine("Original Grid"); 

        sdk.Display(); 

        sdk.Solve(sdk.NextAvailableCell(), new Point()); 

        Console.WriteLine("\n\n\nSolved Grid"); 

        sdk.Display(); 

        Console.WriteLine();
    }

    public void Display()
    {
        for(int i = 0; i < 9; i++)
        {
            Console.WriteLine();

            for(int j = 0; j < 9; j++)
            {
                if(ShowFromGrid(new Point(i, j)) == 0) {
                    Console.Write("0 ");
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.Write(ShowFromGrid(new Point(i, j)) + " ");
                }

                if(j == 2 || j == 5)
                {
                    Console.Write("| ");
                }
            }
            if(i == 2 || i == 5) {

                Console.Write("\n------|-------|------ ");
            }
        }
    }
    public void EnterToGrid(int num, Point pos) {
        grid[pos.X, pos.Y] = num;
    }

    public int ShowFromGrid(Point pos) {
        return grid[pos.X, pos.Y];
    }

    public void Solve(Point pos, Point prevPos) {

        if(pos.X < 9 && pos.Y < 9)
        {
            Point posPrev = new Point();

            if(grid[pos.X, pos.Y] == 0)
            {
                for(int i = 1; i <= 9; i++)
                {
                    if(IsThisNumberPossibleInTheGrid(i, pos))
                    {
                        grid[pos.X, pos.Y] = i;

                        posPrev.X = pos.X;

                        posPrev.Y = pos.Y;

                        Point posNext = NextAvailableCell();

                        if(!posNext.Equals(new Point()))

                            Solve(posNext, posPrev);
                    }
                }
                if(grid[pos.X, pos.Y] == 0)
                {
                    if(!prevPos.Equals(new Point()))

                        grid[prevPos.X, prevPos.Y] = 0; 

                    return;
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            Point posNext = NextAvailableCell();

            if(!posNext.Equals(new Point()))
                Solve(posNext, pos);
        }
    }

    public Point NextAvailableCell()
    {
        for(int i = 0; i < 9; i++)
            for(int j = 0; j < 9; j++)
                if(grid[i, j] == 0)
                    return new Point(i, j);

        return new Point();
    }

    public bool IsThisNumberPossibleInTheGrid(int num, Point pos) {

        if(IsThisNumberPossibleInTheBlock(num, pos))
        {
            for(int i = 0; i < 9; i++)
            {
                if(grid[i, pos.Y] == num && pos.X != i)
                {
                    return false;
                }

                if(grid[pos.X, i] == num && pos.Y != i)
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    public bool IsThisNumberPossibleInTheBlock(int num, Point pos)
    {
        Point Grid = new Point();

        Grid.X = (pos.X >= 0 && pos.X <= 2) ? 0 : ((pos.X >= 3 && pos.X <= 5) ? 3 : ((pos.X >= 6 && pos.X <= 8) ? 6 : -1));
        Grid.Y = (pos.Y >= 0 && pos.Y <= 2) ? 0 : ((pos.Y >= 3 && pos.Y <= 5) ? 3 : ((pos.Y >= 6 && pos.Y <= 8) ? 6 : -1));

        if(!Grid.Equals(new Point()))
        {
            for(int i = Grid.X; i < Grid.X + 3; i++)
            {
                for(int j = Grid.Y; j < Grid.Y + 3; j++)
                {
                    if(grid[i, j] == num && !pos.Equals(new Point(i, j)))
                        return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}

  public class Point
  {
    public int X;

    public int Y;

    public Point()
    {
        this.X = -1;
        this.Y = -1;
    }

    public Point(int x, int y)
    {
        this.X = x;
        this.Y = y;
    }

    public bool Equals(Point p)
    {
        return (this.X == p.X && this.Y == p.Y) ? true : false;
    }
  }
}

Answer 1

"The main purpose of the code works but I'd like to add a timer function to see how long the code ran for"

为此，您可以使用 System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch(https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.diagnostics.stopwatch?view=netframework-4.7.2)。如果您想查看函数执行需要多长时间，请在函数调用前添加 stopWatch.Start() 并在函数调用后添加 stopWatch.Stop()。您现在可以根据您的方便使用 stopWatch.Elapsed 查看总花费时间（在 seconds/milliseconds 等）。

Answer 2

Stopwatch 对象通常用于（正如您在此处所做的那样）测量事情所花费的时间。这里需要快速记住的一件事是，在启动和停止之间一切都需要时间，因此请确保只在这些代码之间放置您想要的实际代码。

using System.Diagnostics;

//...
void StopwatchUsingMethod()
{
  //A: Setup and stuff you don't want timed
  var timer = new Stopwatch();
  timer.Start();

  //B: Run stuff you want timed
  timer.Stop();

  TimeSpan timeTaken = timer.Elapsed;
  string foo = "Time taken: " + timeTaken.ToString(@"m\:ss\.fff"); 
}

Foo 将在此处显示完成所需的分钟、秒和毫秒，但如果超过 59 分钟，则会显示为错误。有关 TimeSpan 的更多信息，请参见此处：https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/base-types/custom-timespan-format-strings

如果我对你的代码理解正确，你想把所有的东西都放在 A 部分中的第一行 sdk.Display(); 并且只把对 Solve 的调用放在 B 部分，所以像

static void Main(string[] args)
{
  //...
  sdk.Display();
  var timer = new Stopwatch();

  timer.Start();
  sdk.Solve(sdk.NextAvailableCell(), new Point());
  timer.Stop();

  Console.WriteLine("\n\n\nSolved Grid"); 
  //...you can use the time taken here
}

在 C# 中使用秒表

Using Stopwatch in C#

c#

stopwatch