改变基数排序基数?

changing radix-sort base?

我试图理解基数排序,但在理解实现实际代码时改变基数时遇到问题。这是我用来学习基数排序的代码,我会尝试解释我不明白的地方。

此代码由 GeeksForGeeks 提供:

// C++ implementation of Radix Sort 
#include<iostream> 
using namespace std; 

// A utility function to get maximum value in arr[] 
int getMax(int arr[], int n) 
{ 
    int mx = arr[0]; 
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) 
        if (arr[i] > mx) 
            mx = arr[i]; 
    return mx; 
} 

// A function to do counting sort of arr[] according to 
// the digit represented by exp. 
void countSort(int arr[], int n, int exp) 
{ 
    int output[n]; // output array 
    int i, count[10] = {0}; 

    // Store count of occurrences in count[] 
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) 
        count[ (arr[i]/exp)%10 ]++; 

    // Change count[i] so that count[i] now contains actual 
    //  position of this digit in output[] 
    for (i = 1; i < 10; i++) 
        count[i] += count[i - 1]; 

    // Build the output array 
    for (i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) 
    { 
        output[count[ (arr[i]/exp)%10 ] - 1] = arr[i]; 
        count[ (arr[i]/exp)%10 ]--; 
    } 

    // Copy the output array to arr[], so that arr[] now 
    // contains sorted numbers according to current digit 
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) 
        arr[i] = output[i]; 
} 

// The main function to that sorts arr[] of size n using  
// Radix Sort 
void radixsort(int arr[], int n) 
{ 
    // Find the maximum number to know number of digits 
    int m = getMax(arr, n); 

    // Do counting sort for every digit. Note that instead 
    // of passing digit number, exp is passed. exp is 10^i 
    // where i is current digit number 
    for (int exp = 1; m/exp > 0; exp *= 10) 
        countSort(arr, n, exp); 
} 

// A utility function to print an array 
void print(int arr[], int n) 
{ 
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
        cout << arr[i] << " "; 
} 

// Driver program to test above functions 
int main() 
{ 
    int arr[] = {170, 45, 75, 90, 802, 24, 2, 66}; 
    int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]); 
    radixsort(arr, n); 
    print(arr, n); 
    return 0; 
} 

所以我遇到的一个问题是我需要有一个可变基数基数排序,用户可以在其中选择他的基数。我的理解是,基数只是函数的表示,但不确定如何将其实现为基数排序。如果我继续使用基数 10,它将如何影响排序算法(复杂性之外)?

您的代码是以 10 为基数的。每次您在代码中看到硬编码的 10 以 10 为基数时,要更改它,您需要使每次出现都是动态的。

基数排序的复杂度不依赖于基数,它总是 O(kn) [键的长度 * 键的 n]。更改基数有助于减少进行排序所需的传递次数,但会增加每次传递中计算的桶数。除此之外,任何碱基都会排序并产生相同的结果。

我遇到了这个问题,它没有正确答案,现在有。

首先是一些注意事项:

这可能不是 Radix 的最佳算法,但它是问题的答案。

//b is the base you want
//exp is the value used for the division
void counting_sort(int* A, int n, int exp, int b) {

    int * C = new int[b];
    int* B = new int[n];

    for (int i = 0; i < b; i++)
    {
        C[i] = 0;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        C[(A[i] / exp) % b]++;
    }

    for (int i = 1; i < b; i++)
    {
        C[i] += C[i - 1];
    }

    for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
    {
        B[C[(A[i] / exp) % b] - 1] = A[i];
        C[(A[i] / exp) % b]--;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        A[i] = B[i];
    }

    delete[] B;
    delete[] C;
}

int getMax(int* A, int n) {
    int max = A[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
        if (A[i] > max) {
            max = A[i];
        }
    }
    return max;
}

void radix_sort(int* A, int n) {
    long long max = (long long)getMax(A, n);
    long long base = 8// whatever base you need, I used ll, since long wasn't big enough for my needs (n = 200000).

    for (long long exp = 1; max / exp > 0; exp *= base) {
        counting_sort(A, n, exp, base);
    }
}

基本上就是这些,但我会添加基数 2^(log n)

的代码
long long getBase(int* A, int n) {
    long long log = (long long) log2(n);
    return (long long)pow(2, log);
}

void radix_sort(int* A, int n) {
    long long max = (long long)getMax(A, n);
    long long base = getBase(A, n);
    for (long long exp = 1; max / exp > 0; exp *= base) {
        counting_sort(A, n, exp, base);
    }
}

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