以线程安全的方式有效地使用 BufferedImage?

Using BufferedImage in a thread-safe way efficiently?

假设我有这个简单的 javax.swing.JPanel 组件,它仅用于显示 BufferedImage

public class Scratch extends JPanel {
    private BufferedImage image;

    public Scratch(BufferedImage image) {
        this.image = image;
    }

    @Override
    public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);
        g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
    }
}

有时会调用此组件的repaint()方法,表明Swing应该重绘它。但是,重写的 paintComponent 方法的使用由 Swing 内部处理。因此,我无法准确控制何时读取 BufferedImage

现在假设我在注入的 BufferedImage 上执行了一些图像处理算法。这些通常有两种执行方式:

两个问题:

也许使用 BufferedImage 不是最好的方法,在这种情况下,您也可以建议其他选项。但我目前想专注于 BufferedImage.

的 Swing

你是对的,你永远不知道面板的repaint()什么时候会被执行。为了避免组件中出现任何不需要的视图,我会在后台线程中处理图像。这样,我就不会那么在意(当然我会)图像处理需要多少时间。最后,在处理图像后,我会将其共享到 GUI(返回到 EDT 线程)。

值得一提的是,在 Swing 中 运行 后台执行任务的工具是 Swing Worker. swing worker 将允许您在后台执行长时间任务,然后更新 GUI正确的线程(EDT - 事件调度线程)。

我创建了一个示例,其中框架由图像和 "process image" 按钮组成。

当按下按钮时,worker 启动。它处理图像(在我的例子中 它将图像裁剪到 90%),最后 "refresh" 使用新图像的视图,非常简单。

另外,为了回答你的问题:

Would it be thread-safe to call setPixel on the original instance from a custom thread or would it need to be called in the Swing event queue to avoid conflicts with the paintComponent reading?

您不必担心在图像处理任务中要使用什么方法。只是,不要在那里更新 swing 组件。完成后更新它们。

预览:

源代码:

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.SwingWorker;

public class TestImage extends JFrame {
    private Scratch scratch;
    private JButton crop;

    public TestImage() {
        super("Process image");
        setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        getContentPane().setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        try {
            BufferedImage img = loadImage();
            scratch = new Scratch(img);
            getContentPane().add(scratch, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        crop = new JButton("Process image");
        crop.addActionListener(e -> processImage());
        getContentPane().add(crop, BorderLayout.PAGE_END);
        setSize(500, 500);
        setLocationRelativeTo(null);
    }

    private void processImage() {
        crop.setEnabled(false);
        crop.setText("Processing image...");
        new ImageProcessorWorker(scratch, () -> {
            crop.setEnabled(true);
            crop.setText("Process image");
        }).execute();
    }

    private BufferedImage loadImage() throws IOException {
        File desktop = new File(System.getProperty("user.home"), "Desktop");
        File image = new File(desktop, "img.png");
        return ImageIO.read(image);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> new TestImage().setVisible(true));
    }

    public static class Scratch extends JPanel implements ImageView {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -5546688149216743458L;
        private BufferedImage image;

        public Scratch(BufferedImage image) {
            this.image = image;
        }

        @Override
        public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            super.paintComponent(g);
            g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
        }

        @Override
        public BufferedImage getImage() {
            return image;
        }

        @Override
        public void setImage(BufferedImage img) {
            this.image = img;
            repaint(); //repaint the view after image changes
        }
    }

    public static class ImageProcessorWorker extends SwingWorker<BufferedImage, Void> {
        private ImageView view;
        private Runnable restoreTask;

        public ImageProcessorWorker(ImageView v, Runnable restoreViewTask) {
            view = v;
            restoreTask = restoreViewTask;
        }

        @Override
        protected BufferedImage doInBackground() throws Exception {
            BufferedImage image = view.getImage();
            image = crop(image, 0.9d);
            Thread.sleep(5000); // Assume it takes 5 second to process
            return image;
        }

        /*
         * Taken from
         * 
         */
        public BufferedImage crop(BufferedImage image, double amount) throws IOException {
            BufferedImage originalImage = image;
            int height = originalImage.getHeight();
            int width = originalImage.getWidth();

            int targetWidth = (int) (width * amount);
            int targetHeight = (int) (height * amount);
            // Coordinates of the image's middle
            int xc = (width - targetWidth) / 2;
            int yc = (height - targetHeight) / 2;

            // Crop
            BufferedImage croppedImage = originalImage.getSubimage(xc, yc, targetWidth, // widht
                    targetHeight // height
            );
            return croppedImage;
        }

        @Override
        protected void done() {
            try {
                BufferedImage processedImage = get();
                view.setImage(processedImage);
                if (restoreTask != null)
                    restoreTask.run();
            } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            super.done();
        }

    }

    public static interface ImageView {
        BufferedImage getImage();

        void setImage(BufferedImage img);
    }
}