为 Firefox 和 Chrome 编写 selenium 测试时避免代码重复

Question

如果您为 Selenium 编写测试以检查例如Firefox 和 Chrome，测试看起来非常相似，除了设置，参见例如https://gist.github.com/devinmancuso/54904c005f8d237f6fec, which has identical functions test_search_in_python_chrome and test_search_in_python_firefox. There are patterns to avoid code duplication in selenium, e.g. the Page Object Pattern。

有没有办法避免这种巨大的代码重复？

Answer 1

您提供的link中setUp的内容为driver初始化。您可以在另一个 class 中处理此问题，并从属性文件

中读取浏览器类型

def get_driver(self):
    browser = get_value_from_configurations_file()
    url = get_value_from_configurations_file()

    driver = None
    if browser == 'chrome':
         driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    elif browser == 'firefox':
         driver = webdriver.Firefox()

    driver.maximize_window()
    driver.get(url)

    return driver

我通常在驱动工厂和测试之间使用 "middle man" 来处理 driver 操作并获取 PO 起点

class WebApplication:

    def __init__(self):
        self.__driver = WebDriverFactory().get_driver()

    def get_driver(self):
        return self.__driver

    def get_home_page(self):
        return HomePage(self.__driver)

并从基础测试中使用它 class

@pytest.mark.usefixtures("run_for_test")
class AbstractTest(ABC):

    web_application = None

    @pytest.fixture()
    def run_for_test(self, request):
        AbstractTest.web_application = WebApplication()
        # set up for all tests
        yield
        # tear down for all tests

示例测试：

class TestExample(AbstractTest):

    def test_example(self):
        home_page = \
            (self.web_application
             .get_home_page())

这样，您只需更改配置文件，就可以编写一次测试，运行它可以在不同的浏览器上运行。

Answer 2

@Guy的回答指明了方向。 A solution 更简单一点的是使用 MixIns:

class DuckMixin(object):
    def testDuckLoads(self):
        self.browser.get("https://duckduckgo.com")
        self.assertIn("duckduckgo", self.browser.title.lower())

    def testDuckSafe(self):
        self.browser.get("https://duckduckgo.com")
        (self.browser
         .find_element_by_id("search_form_input_homepage")
         .send_keys("porn" + webdriver.common.keys.Keys.RETURN))
        # click to disable temporarily, then wait, then see if available
        self.browser.implicitly_wait(10)
        self.browser.find_element_by_class_name("js-safe-search-temp").click()
        # assert that browser.find_element_by_class_name("js-safe-search-temp") still exists, else throws exception
        self.browser.find_element_by_class_name("js-safe-search-temp")


class DuckDuckGoTestCaseFirefox(unittest.TestCase, DuckMixin):
    def setUp(self):
        profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile()
        profile.add_extension(extension=os.path.join(DIR, "..", "addon"))
        self.browser = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_profile=profile)

    def tearDown(self):
        self.browser.close()

class DuckDuckGoTestCaseChromium(unittest.TestCase, DuckMixin):
    def setUp(self):
        profile = webdriver.chrome.options.Options()
        profile.add_extension(extension=os.path.join(DIR, "..", "safe.zip"))
        self.browser = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=profile)

    def tearDown(self):
        self.browser.close()

为 Firefox 和 Chrome 编写 selenium 测试时避免代码重复

Avoid code duplication when writing selenium tests for Firefox and Chrome

firefox

selenium

design-patterns

google-chrome

dry