通过pip3安装pycairo时遇到问题

Question

我一直在尝试在 MacO 上使用 pip3 安装 pycairo，但每当您尝试这样做时，都会出现此错误：

pip3 install pycairo
Collecting pycairo
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/48/20/5e83af98eb897935bf7dc39455e892ba866feebb9b7c3b392982866f9958/pycairo-1.18.1.tar.gz
Installing collected packages: pycairo
  Running setup.py install for pycairo ... error
    ERROR: Complete output from command /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7 -u -c 'import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/0w/2v91jtp54jl7b4cdqrhk_96h0000gn/T/pip-install-uiqmlfkz/pycairo/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /private/var/folders/0w/2v91jtp54jl7b4cdqrhk_96h0000gn/T/pip-record-egwlnpkb/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    ERROR: running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7
    creating build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/cairo
    copying cairo/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/cairo
    copying cairo/__init__.pyi -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/cairo
    copying cairo/py.typed -> build/lib.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/cairo
    running build_ext
    Package libffi was not found in the pkg-config search path.
    Perhaps you should add the directory containing `libffi.pc'
    to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
    Package 'libffi', required by 'gobject-2.0', not found
    Command '['pkg-config', '--print-errors', '--exists', 'cairo >= 1.13.1']' returned non-zero exit status 1.
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7 -u -c 'import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/0w/2v91jtp54jl7b4cdqrhk_96h0000gn/T/pip-install-uiqmlfkz/pycairo/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /private/var/folders/0w/2v91jtp54jl7b4cdqrhk_96h0000gn/T/pip-record-egwlnpkb/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /private/var/folders/0w/2v91jtp54jl7b4cdqrhk_96h0000gn/T/pip-install-uiqmlfkz/pycairo/

我已经使用 brew 安装了 cairo 和 pkg-config。

更新，我确实使用以下命令

设置了PKG_CONFIG_PATH的路径

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/Cellar/libffi/3.2.1/lib/pkgconfig/

然后使用 pip3 安装 pycairo 就可以了。唯一就是即使现在安装了python3也没有找到pycairo

python3
Python 3.7.3 (v3.7.3:ef4ec6ed12, Mar 25 2019, 16:52:21) 
[Clang 6.0 (clang-600.0.57)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pycairo
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'pycairo'

我用 brew 安装了以下软件

brew list
aom         jpeg            p11-kit
atk         lame            pango
cairo           leptonica       pcre
ffmpeg          libass          pixman
flac            libbluray       pkg-config
fontconfig      libevent        python
freetype        libffi          readline
frei0r          libogg          rtmpdump
fribidi         libpng          rubberband
gdbm            libsamplerate       sdl2
gdk-pixbuf      libsndfile      snappy
gettext         libsoxr         speex
ghostscript     libtasn1        sqlite
giflib          libtiff         tesseract
glew            libunistring        theora
glib            libvorbis       unbound
gmp         libvpx          webp
gnutls          little-cms2     x264
graphite2       nettle          x265
gtk+            opencore-amr        xvid
harfbuzz        openjpeg        xz
hicolor-icon-theme  openssl
icu4c           opus

这是我的 pip3 列表

astroid           2.2.5   
cairocffi         1.0.2   
cffi              1.12.3  
isort             4.3.16  
lazy-object-proxy 1.3.1   
mccabe            0.6.1   
opencv-python     3.4.2.17
pip               19.1    
pycairo           1.18.1  #it seems like it's installed but it doesn't recognize it whenever I try to import it
pycparser         2.19    
pylint            2.3.1   
setuptools        40.8.0  
typed-ast         1.3.1   
wrapt             1.11.1

Answer 1

您在 pip3 输出中有答案：

Package 'libffi', required by 'gobject-2.0', not found

在 macOS 上，brew install libffi 应该可以。

（此外，当然，将任何东西安装到系统 Python 中，而不是在 virtualenv 中通常是个坏主意。）

Answer 2

有同样的问题。

解决方案：

通过 brew 安装 python3 和 libffi。仅在安装 cairo 之前执行此操作：

export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/libffi/lib"
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/libffi/lib/pkgconfig"

现在继续运行 pip:

pip3 install --user pycairo

此后一切正常。

在 macOS 10.14.6 上测试，python 3.7.4 通过 brew 安装，libffi 3.2.1 通过 brew 安装。

通过pip3安装pycairo时遇到问题

Trouble installing pycairo through pip3

pkg-config

pycairo

python-3.x