如何在 spaCy 中正确更新模型？

Question

我想用新实体更新模型。我正在加载 "pt" NER 模型，并尝试更新它。在做任何事情之前，我尝试了这个短语："meu nome é Mário e hoje eu vou para academia"。（在英语中，这句话是“我叫马里奥，今天我要去健身房”）。在整个过程之前，我得到了这个：

Entities [('Mário', 'PER')]
Tokens [('meu', '', 2), ('nome', '', 2), ('é', '', 2), ('Mário', 'PER', 3), ('e', '', 2), ('hoje', '', 2), ('eu', '', 2), ('vou', '', 2), ('pra', '', 2), ('academia', '', 2)]

好的，Mário 是一个名字而且是正确的。但我希望模型将 "hoje (today)" 识别为日期，然后我运行下面的脚本。

在我运行脚本之后，我尝试了相同的设置并得到了这个：

Entities [('hoje', 'DATE')]
Tokens [('meu', '', 2), ('nome', '', 2), ('é', '', 2), ('Mário', '', 2), ('e', '', 2), ('hoje', 'DATE', 3), ('eu', '', 2), ('vou', '', 2), ('pra', '', 2), ('academia', '', 2)]

模型将 "hoje" 识别为日期，但完全忘记了马里奥作为人物。

from __future__ import unicode_literals, print_function
import plac
import random
from pathlib import Path
import spacy
from spacy.util import minibatch, compounding

# training data
TRAIN_DATA = [
    ("Infelizmente não, eu briguei com meus amigos hoje", {"entities": [(45, 49, "DATE")]}),
    ("hoje foi um bom dia.", {"entities": [(0, 4, "DATE")]}),
    ("ah não sei, hoje foi horrível", {"entities": [(12, 16, "DATE")]}),
    ("hoje eu briguei com o Mário", {"entities": [(0, 4, "DATE")]})
]


@plac.annotations(
    model=("Model name. Defaults to blank 'en' model.", "option", "m", str),
    output_dir=("Optional output directory", "option", "o", Path),
    n_iter=("Number of training iterations", "option", "n", int),
)

def main(model="pt", output_dir="/model", n_iter=100):
    """Load the model, set up the pipeline and train the entity recognizer."""
    if model is not None:
        nlp = spacy.load(model)  # load existing spaCy model
        print("Loaded model '%s'" % model)
    else:
        nlp = spacy.blank("pt")  # create blank Language class
            print("Created blank 'en' model")

    doc = nlp("meu nome é Mário e hoje eu vou pra academia")
    print("Entities", [(ent.text, ent.label_) for ent in doc.ents])
    print("Tokens", [(t.text, t.ent_type_, t.ent_iob) for t in doc])

    # create the built-in pipeline components and add them to the pipeline
    # nlp.create_pipe works for built-ins that are registered with spaCy
    if "ner" not in nlp.pipe_names:
        ner = nlp.create_pipe("ner")
        nlp.add_pipe(ner, last=True)
    # otherwise, get it so we can add labels
    else:
        ner = nlp.get_pipe("ner")

    # add labels
    for _, annotations in TRAIN_DATA:
        for ent in annotations.get("entities"):
            ner.add_label(ent[2])

    # get names of other pipes to disable them during training
    other_pipes = [pipe for pipe in nlp.pipe_names if pipe != "ner"]
    with nlp.disable_pipes(*other_pipes):  # only train NER
        # reset and initialize the weights randomly – but only if we're
        # training a new model
        if model is None:
            nlp.begin_training()
        for itn in range(n_iter):
            random.shuffle(TRAIN_DATA)
            losses = {}
            # batch up the examples using spaCy's minibatch
            batches = minibatch(TRAIN_DATA, size=compounding(4.0, 32.0, 1.001))
            for batch in batches:
                texts, annotations = zip(*batch)
                nlp.update(
                    texts,  # batch of texts
                    annotations,  # batch of annotations
                    drop=0.5,  # dropout - make it harder to memorise data
                    losses=losses,
                )
            print("Losses", losses)

    # test the trained model
   # for text, _ in TRAIN_DATA:
    doc = nlp("meu nome é Mário e hoje eu vou pra academia")
    print("Entities", [(ent.text, ent.label_) for ent in doc.ents])
    print("Tokens", [(t.text, t.ent_type_, t.ent_iob) for t in doc])

    # save model to output directory
    if output_dir is not None:
        output_dir = Path(output_dir)
        if not output_dir.exists():
            output_dir.mkdir()
        nlp.to_disk(output_dir)
        print("Saved model to", output_dir)

        # test the saved model
        print("Loading from", output_dir)
        nlp2 = spacy.load(output_dir)
        # for text, _ in TRAIN_DATA:
        #     doc = nlp2(text)
        #     print("Entities", [(ent.text, ent.label_) for ent in doc.ents])
        #     print("Tokens", [(t.text, t.ent_type_, t.ent_iob) for t in doc])

Answer 1

在训练数据中你需要提到 "Mario" 作为 "PER"。如果你错过了它，模型将从新的训练数据中学习将 "Mario" 排除为 "PER"。

（注意：您应该在训练数据中提及句子中出现的所有实体，而不仅仅是新实体。）

如何在 spaCy 中正确更新模型？

How to properly update a model in spaCy?

python

nlp

machine-learning

spacy

natural-language-processing